RISC User... in a Nutshell

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Unknown | 1990-02-23 | 26.8 KB
open in:
MacOS 8.1 |
Win98 |
DOS
view JSON data |
view as text

This file was not able to be converted.
This format is not currently supported by dexvert.
Confidence	Program	Detection	Match Type	Support
`100%`	file	data	default
`100%`	TrID	Adobe PhotoShop Brush	default (weak)
hex view
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 00 26 00 26 00 03 00 00 | 00 48 00 48 00 00 00 00 |.&.&....|.H.H....|
|00000010| 03 0d 02 1a ff e2 ff e4 | 03 2b 02 36 03 67 05 7b |........|.+.6.g.{|
|00000020| 03 de 00 02 00 00 00 48 | 00 48 00 00 00 00 03 0d |.......H|.H......|
|00000030| 02 1a 00 01 00 00 00 64 | 00 00 00 01 00 01 01 01 |.......d|........|
|00000040| 00 02 00 01 27 0f 00 01 | 00 01 00 4b e4 ee 00 00 |....'...|...K....|
|00000050| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 | 00 19 01 90 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000060| 00 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.@......|........|
|00000070| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 86 94 |........|........|
|00000080| 01 00 01 00 00 00 00 06 | 13 01 00 02 01 20 4a 00 |........|..... J.|
|00000090| 00 00 01 2c 00 00 00 00 | 00 f0 00 03 03 4c 63 c8 |...,....|.....Lc.|
|000000a0| 02 55 c6 8d 00 55 8a 14 | 00 39 31 63 00 4f de bd |.U...U..|.91c.O..|
|000000b0| 00 28 2f 5f 00 02 00 13 | d7 af 20 0e 00 d8 00 00 |.(/_....|.. .....|
|000000c0| 03 18 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 fd 80 33 33 03 49 |........|....33.I|
|000000d0| e3 c8 00 10 00 01 00 00 | 00 01 00 00 00 06 01 80 |........|........|
|000000e0| 09 40 00 00 01 0c 00 00 | 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.@......|........|
|000000f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 b4 | 00 5b 00 c4 00 90 90 01 |........|.[......|
|00000100| 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 c9 | 00 5b 00 d9 00 90 90 01 |0.......|.[......|
|00000110| 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 e8 | 00 5b 00 f8 00 90 90 01 |0.......|.[......|
|00000120| 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 fd | 00 5b 01 0d 00 90 90 01 |0.......|.[......|
|00000130| 30 00 00 00 00 00 01 12 | 00 5b 01 22 00 90 90 01 |0.......|.[."....|
|00000140| 30 00 00 00 00 0a 00 03 | 00 0c 02 09 01 89 01 8c |0.......|........|
|00000150| 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 00 | 00 60 00 c8 f0 67 55 55 |........|.`...gUU|
|00000160| 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 00 | 00 50 00 c8 f0 66 55 55 |........|.P...fUU|
|00000170| 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 00 | 00 50 00 c8 f0 65 55 55 |........|.P...eUU|
|00000180| 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 00 | 00 50 00 c8 f0 64 55 55 |........|.P...dUU|
|00000190| 00 00 00 0c 00 00 00 00 | 00 50 00 c8 f0 63 55 55 |........|.P...cUU|
|000001a0| 00 00 03 9e 00 1b 00 00 | 00 00 00 0a 00 0f 00 2a |........|.......*|
|000001b0| 00 2f a0 02 e8 61 00 00 | 00 00 00 45 04 ac 00 5a |./...a..|...E...Z|
|000001c0| 04 f6 04 0a 49 6e 69 74 | 69 61 6c 69 7a 65 00 00 |....Init|ialize..|
|000001d0| 00 00 00 45 03 f7 00 5a | 04 41 04 05 45 6a 65 63 |...E...Z|.A..Ejec|
|000001e0| 74 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 | 04 52 00 5a 04 9c 04 02 |t......E|.R.Z....|
|000001f0| 4f 4b 00 00 00 00 00 1d | 04 26 00 2d 05 04 00 00 |OK......|.&.-....|
|00000200| 00 00 00 73 00 04 00 15 | 09 48 65 6c 76 65 74 69 |...s....|.Helveti|
|00000210| 63 61 09 48 65 6c 76 65 | 74 69 63 61 00 22 12 4e |ca.Helve|tica.".N|
|00000220| 65 77 20 43 65 6e 74 75 | 72 79 20 53 63 68 6c 62 |ew Centu|ry Schlb|
|00000230| 6b 16 4e 65 77 43 65 6e | 74 75 72 79 53 63 68 6c |k.NewCen|turySchl|
|00000240| 62 6b 2d 52 6f 6d 61 6e | 00 16 07 43 6f 75 72 69 |bk-Roman|...Couri|
|00000250| 65 72 07 43 6f 75 72 69 | 65 72 00 0d 0d 5a 61 70 |er.Couri|er...Zap|
|00000260| 66 20 44 69 6e 67 62 61 | 74 73 0c 5a 61 70 66 44 |f Dingba|ts.ZapfD|
|00000270| 69 6e 67 62 61 74 73 00 | 00 02 12 02 09 00 00 01 |ingbats.|........|
|00000280| ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000290| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 01 2d 00 |........|......-.|
|000002a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000002b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 01 |........|........|
|000002c0| 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 ff ff 05 42 6c |........|......Bl|
|000002d0| 61 63 6b 04 2d 00 00 00 | 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 |ack.-...|........|
|000002e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 aa aa ff ff ff |........|........|
|000002f0| ff ff ff 00 00 02 01 00 | 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff fc |........|........|
|00000300| 00 02 ff 00 00 00 00 04 | 42 6c 75 65 04 05 2d 00 |........|Blue..-.|
|00000310| 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000320| 00 00 00 00 00 7f ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff 00 00 04 |........|........|
|00000330| 01 00 00 01 00 ff ff 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 04 43 79 |........|......Cy|
|00000340| 61 6e 73 03 2d 00 00 ff | ff 00 00 ff ff 00 00 ff |ans.-...|........|
|00000350| ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 55 55 ff ff ff |........|...UU...|
|00000360| ff ff ff 00 00 05 01 00 | 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 ff |........|........|
|00000370| ff 00 00 05 47 72 65 65 | 6e 06 2d ff ff 00 00 ff |....Gree|n.-.....|
|00000380| ff 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000390| 00 d5 54 ff ff ff ff ff | ff 00 00 06 01 00 00 01 |..T.....|........|
|000003a0| 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 | 00 07 4d 61 67 65 6e 74 |........|..Magent|
|000003b0| 61 02 2d ff ff 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 00 |a.-.....|........|
|000003c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|000003d0| ff 00 00 07 01 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 00 |........|........|
|000003e0| 00 03 52 65 64 08 2d 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..Red.-.|........|
|000003f0| 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000400| 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 08 | 01 00 01 00 01 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000410| 00 00 00 ff ff 0c 52 65 | 67 69 73 74 72 61 74 69 |......Re|gistrati|
|00000420| 6f 6e 00 00 2d ff ff ff | ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 |on..-...|........|
|00000430| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff |........|........|
|00000440| ff ff ff 00 00 09 01 00 | 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000450| 00 00 00 05 57 68 69 74 | 65 07 2d ff ff ff ff 00 |....Whit|e.-.....|
|00000460| 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000470| 00 2a aa ff ff ff ff ff | ff 00 00 0a 01 00 00 01 |.*......|........|
|00000480| 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 00 | 00 06 59 65 6c 6c 6f 77 |........|..Yellow|
|00000490| 65 00 00 08 a2 00 15 00 | 30 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 |e.......|0.....d.|
|000004a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000004b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000004c0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000004d0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|000004e0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000004f0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff fa | ..... .|.... ...|
|00000500| 00 02 ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff |...... .|.... ...|
|00000510| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000520| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000530| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 | ..... .|........|
|00000540| 00 00 00 30 00 06 4e 6f | 72 6d 61 6c 14 00 22 00 |...0..No|rmal..".|
|00000550| 2e 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 03 03 00 00 00 |......d.|........|
|00000560| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000570| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 20 00 12 00 00 00 20 ff |........| ..... .|
|00000580| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000590| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000005a0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|000005b0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000005c0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000005d0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|000005e0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 53 |.... ...|.. ....S|
|000005f0| 31 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 04 54 65 78 74 63 00 |1.......|..Textc.|
|00000600| 22 00 38 00 01 08 00 01 | 64 00 00 00 00 03 03 00 |".8.....|d.......|
|00000610| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000620| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 20 00 12 00 00 00 |........|.. .....|
|00000630| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00000640| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000650| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000660| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00000670| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000680| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000690| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000006a0| ff 56 34 02 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 08 53 75 62 74 |.V4.....|....Subt|
|000006b0| 69 74 6c 65 00 00 15 00 | 90 00 03 08 00 04 64 00 |itle....|......d.|
|000006c0| 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000006d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000006e0| 20 00 12 00 00 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000006f0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 ff f7 |.. .....| .......|
|00000700| 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 04 | 00 25 00 17 00 00 00 06 |........|.%......|
|00000710| 00 01 00 00 00 17 00 00 | 00 06 00 01 00 00 00 17 |........|........|
|00000720| 00 00 00 00 8a 14 de bd | b2 65 17 2e 00 00 00 20 |........|.e..... |
|00000730| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 2c ac e4 00 01 00 00 |........|.,......|
|00000740| 80 00 64 01 80 02 00 13 | d7 af 00 01 00 00 00 00 |..d.....|........|
|00000750| 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 40 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.......@|........|
|00000760| 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 | 00 00 00 00 02 ff 00 00 |........|........|
|00000770| 04 00 00 00 00 00 01 fd | 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 00 |........|......U.|
|00000780| 4f 03 13 02 2e 8a 14 de | bd b2 65 17 2e 00 00 00 |O.......|..e.....|
|00000790| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 2c ad 50 00 01 00 |........|..,.P...|
|000007a0| 00 80 00 64 01 80 02 00 | 13 d7 af 00 01 00 00 00 |...d....|........|
|000007b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000007c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 | 00 00 00 00 00 01 ff 00 |........|........|
|000007d0| 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 01 | 03 00 00 00 80 00 03 1f |........|........|
|000007e0| 00 28 03 35 02 2e de bd | 2f 5f b6 6c 17 2f 00 00 |.(.5....|/_.l./..|
|000007f0| 00 20 00 30 f6 3c 00 00 | 00 00 00 2c ae 64 00 00 |. .0.<..|...,.d..|
|00000800| 00 02 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000810| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000820| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00000830| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000840| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000850| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 55 33 02 00 00 | ..... .|...U3...|
|00000860| 00 00 00 00 00 05 54 69 | 74 6c 65 00 15 00 40 00 |......Ti|tle...@.|
|00000870| 03 08 00 04 64 00 00 00 | 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....d...|........|
|00000880| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000890| 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 00 | 12 00 00 00 20 ff ff ff |...... .|.... ...|
|000008a0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|000008b0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000008c0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000008d0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|000008e0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000008f0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00000900| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 |.. .....| .......|
|00000910| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 12 | 54 69 74 6c 65 2d 63 6f |........|Title-co|
|00000920| 6e 74 69 6e 75 61 74 69 | 6f 6e f0 00 15 00 30 00 |ntinuati|on....0.|
|00000930| 03 08 cd 04 64 00 00 00 | 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....d...|........|
|00000940| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000950| 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 00 | 12 00 00 00 20 ff ff ff |...... .|.... ...|
|00000960| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000970| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000980| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00000990| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|000009a0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000009b0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000009c0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 54 32 02 |.. .....| ....T2.|
|000009d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c | 49 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 |........|Introduc|
|000009e0| 74 69 6f 6e 0c 00 22 00 | 90 00 00 08 00 04 64 00 |tion..".|......d.|
|000009f0| 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c |........|........|
|00000a00| 00 00 00 18 00 00 00 04 | 00 1a 00 18 00 00 00 06 |........|........|
|00000a10| 00 01 00 00 00 18 00 00 | 00 06 00 01 00 00 00 18 |........|........|
|00000a20| 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 00 | 4f 03 13 02 2e 8a 14 de |......U.|O.......|
|00000a30| bd b2 65 17 2e 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..e.....|........|
|00000a40| 00 00 2c ad 50 00 01 00 | 00 80 00 64 01 80 02 00 |..,.P...|...d....|
|00000a50| 13 d7 af 00 01 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff |........|........|
|00000a60| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 |........|........|
|00000a70| 00 00 00 00 00 01 ff 00 | 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 01 |........|........|
|00000a80| 03 00 00 08 80 00 03 1f | 00 28 03 35 02 2f de bd |........|.(.5./..|
|00000a90| 2f 5f b6 6c 82 04 00 00 | 00 20 00 30 f6 3c 00 00 |/_.l....|. .0.<..|
|00000aa0| 00 00 00 2c ae 64 00 01 | 00 00 80 00 64 01 80 01 |...,.d..|....d...|
|00000ab0| 00 13 d7 af 00 01 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000ac0| ff 00 00 00 00 01 01 00 | 00 80 00 03 16 00 22 03 |........|......".|
|00000ad0| 19 02 33 dd bb 84 08 dd | bb c2 85 00 30 f2 44 00 |..3.....|....0.D.|
|00000ae0| 30 f5 f4 00 00 00 00 00 | 2c ad a0 64 04 03 18 00 |0.......|,..d....|
|00000af0| 23 03 18 02 32 5d bb 84 | 08 5d bb c2 85 00 00 00 |#...2]..|.]......|
|00000b00| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000b10| 00 00 20 00 12 00 00 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000b20| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000b30| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00000b40| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000b50| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000b60| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00000b70| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000b80| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.... ...|........|
|00000b90| 00 00 00 0f 53 74 61 72 | 74 69 6e 67 20 4c 65 74 |....Star|ting Let|
|00000ba0| 74 65 72 00 16 00 30 00 | 00 06 66 01 64 00 00 00 |ter...0.|..f.d...|
|00000bb0| 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000bc0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 00 |........|...... .|
|00000bd0| 12 00 00 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000be0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00000bf0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 ff f0 |.. .....| .......|
|00000c00| 00 00 00 18 00 00 00 04 | 00 0e 00 18 00 00 00 06 |........|........|
|00000c10| 00 05 00 00 00 18 00 00 | 00 0c 00 05 00 00 00 18 |........|........|
|00000c20| 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 20 74 68 65 20 21 |........|.. the !|
|00000c30| 44 69 61 72 79 20 64 69 | 72 65 63 74 6f 72 79 20 |Diary di|rectory |
|00000c40| 77 69 74 68 29 a1 00 c0 | 00 09 78 70 72 73 74 64 |with)...|..xprstd|
|00000c50| 72 61 77 a1 00 c0 00 01 | 0d a1 00 c0 00 05 35 32 |raw.....|......52|
|00000c60| 2e 35 36 a1 00 c0 00 01 | 20 a1 00 c0 00 06 35 39 |.56.....| .....59|
|00000c70| 32 2e 38 38 a1 00 c0 00 | 01 20 a1 00 c0 00 07 6d |2.88....|. .....m|
|00000c80| 6f 76 65 74 6f 20 a1 00 | c0 00 03 30 2e 38 a1 00 |oveto ..|...0.8..|
|00000c90| c0 00 01 20 a1 00 c0 00 | 01 30 a1 00 c0 00 01 20 |... ....|.0..... |
|00000ca0| a1 00 c0 00 06 32 32 32 | 2e 31 39 a1 00 c0 00 01 |.....222|.19.....|
|00000cb0| 20 a1 00 c0 00 28 28 74 | 68 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 | ....((t|he name |
|00000cc0| 21 52 75 6e 49 6d 61 67 | 65 2e 20 49 20 73 75 67 |!RunImag|e. I sug|
|00000cd0| 67 65 73 74 20 79 6f 75 | 20 61 6c 73 6f 29 a1 00 |gest you| also)..|
|00000ce0| c0 00 09 78 70 72 73 74 | 64 72 61 77 a1 00 c0 00 |...xprst|draw....|
|00000cf0| 01 0d a1 00 c0 00 05 35 | 32 2e 35 36 a1 00 00 00 |.......5|2.56....|
|00000d00| 52 49 53 43 20 55 73 65 | 72 20 44 65 73 6b 74 6f |RISC Use|r Deskto|
|00000d10| 70 20 44 69 61 72 79 0d | 00 12 00 00 00 20 ff ff |p Diary.|..... ..|
|00000d20| ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff | 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 |... ....|. ..... |
|00000d30| ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff | ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff |..... ..|... ....|
|00000d40| 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 | ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff |. ..... |..... ..|
|00000d50| ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff | 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 |... ....|. ..... |
|00000d60| ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff | ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff |..... ..|... ....|
|00000d70| 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 | ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff |. ..... |..... ..|
|00000d80| ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff | 00 20 ff ff ff ff 53 31 |... ....|. ....S1|
|00000d90| 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 04 54 65 78 74 63 00 00 |........|.Textc..|
|00000da0| 00 00 00 78 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |...x....|........|
|00000db0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000dc0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000dd0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000de0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000df0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000e00| 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 04 | 00 2b 00 13 00 00 00 06 |........|.+......|
|00000e10| 00 07 00 00 00 13 00 00 | 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 13 |........|........|
|00000e20| 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000e30| 36 a1 00 c0 00 01 20 a1 | 00 c0 00 06 36 33 36 2e |6..... .|....636.|
|00000e40| 30 38 a1 00 c0 00 01 20 | a1 00 c0 00 07 6d 6f 76 |08..... |.....mov|
|00000e50| 65 74 6f 20 a1 00 c0 00 | 04 31 2e 30 37 a1 00 c0 |eto ....|.1.07...|
|00000e60| 00 01 20 a1 00 c0 00 01 | 31 a1 00 c0 00 01 20 a1 |.. .....|1..... .|
|00000e70| 00 c0 00 06 31 39 30 2e | 36 36 a1 00 c0 00 01 20 |....190.|66..... |
|00000e80| a1 00 c0 00 22 28 63 61 | 6e 20 62 65 20 61 70 70 |...."(ca|n be app|
|00000e90| 65 6e 64 65 64 20 6e 65 | 78 74 20 6d 6f 6e 74 68 |ended ne|xt month|
|00000ea0| 2e 20 54 68 69 73 29 a1 | 00 c0 00 09 78 70 72 73 |. This).|....xprs|
|00000eb0| 74 64 72 61 77 a1 00 c0 | 00 01 0d a1 00 c0 00 05 |tdraw...|........|
|00000ec0| 35 32 2e 35 36 a1 00 c0 | 00 01 20 a1 00 c0 00 06 |52.56...|.. .....|
|00000ed0| 36 35 30 2e 34 38 a1 00 | c0 00 01 20 a1 00 c0 00 |650.48..|... ....|
|00000ee0| 07 6d 6f 76 65 74 6f 20 | a1 00 c0 00 04 34 2e 35 |.moveto |.....4.5|
|00000ef0| 39 a1 00 c0 00 01 20 a1 | 00 c0 00 01 31 a1 00 00 |9..... .|....1...|
|00000f00| 00 04 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000f10| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000f20| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00000f30| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000f40| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 58 36 02 00 00 00 00 |.... ...|.X6.....|
|00000f50| 00 00 00 08 4c 69 73 74 | 69 6e 67 73 00 00 15 00 |....List|ings....|
|00000f60| 24 00 03 08 00 04 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |$.....d.|........|
|00000f70| 08 81 02 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000f80| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 20 00 40 00 00 00 20 ff |........| .@... .|
|00000f90| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000fa0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00000fb0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000fc0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00000fd0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00000fe0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00000ff0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 59 |.... ...|.. ....Y|
|00001000| 37 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 0f 50 72 6f 64 75 63 |7.......|..Produc|
|00001010| 74 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c | 73 00 15 00 24 00 03 08 |t detail|s...$...|
|00001020| 00 04 64 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..d.....|........|
|00001030| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001040| 00 00 00 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001050| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001060| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001070| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001080| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001090| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|000010a0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000010b0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 | ..... .|........|
|000010c0| 00 00 00 00 00 11 43 6f | 6e 74 69 6e 75 65 64 20 |......Co|ntinued |
|000010d0| 6f 6e 20 70 61 67 65 00 | 15 00 24 00 03 08 cd 04 |on page.|..$.....|
|000010e0| 64 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |d.......|........|
|000010f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001100| 00 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001110| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001120| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001130| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001140| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001150| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001160| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001170| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 57 35 02 00 00 00 00 |.... ...|.W5.....|
|00001180| 00 00 00 07 43 61 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 00 15 00 2c 00 |....Capt|ion...,.|
|00001190| 03 08 cd 01 64 00 00 00 | 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....d...|........|
|000011a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000011b0| 00 00 00 00 00 02 20 02 | 00 00 00 00 20 ff ff ff |...... .|.... ...|
|000011c0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|000011d0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000011e0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000011f0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001200| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001210| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001220| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 |.. .....| .......|
|00001230| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0d | 4c 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 |........|Listing |
|00001240| 54 69 74 6c 65 00 00 00 | 3a 60 01 00 01 06 03 02 |Title...|:`......|
|00001250| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001260| 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 26 |........|.......&|
|00001270| 66 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 08 53 74 61 6e 64 61 |f.......|..Standa|
|00001280| 72 64 00 00 00 02 30 00 | 04 00 15 00 30 00 00 08 |rd....0.|....0...|
|00001290| 00 01 64 00 00 00 00 00 | 04 00 15 00 38 00 02 08 |..d.....|....8...|
|000012a0| 00 01 64 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 00 15 00 30 00 03 08 |..d.....|....0...|
|000012b0| cd 04 64 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 00 22 00 80 00 00 08 |..d.....|..".....|
|000012c0| 00 04 64 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 00 15 00 30 00 1b 08 |..d.....|....0...|
|000012d0| 00 04 64 00 00 00 00 00 | 03 00 15 00 40 00 03 08 |..d.....|....@...|
|000012e0| 00 04 64 00 00 00 00 00 | 24 00 22 00 2e 00 00 08 |..d.....|$.".....|
|000012f0| 00 01 64 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 00 15 00 90 00 ff ec |..d.....|........|
|00001300| 00 02 03 08 00 04 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 0a 00 22 00 |......d.|......".|
|00001310| 2e 00 02 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 |......d.|......".|
|00001320| 38 00 01 07 33 04 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 |8...3.d.|......".|
|00001330| 38 00 01 07 33 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 06 00 16 00 |8...3.d.|........|
|00001340| 2e 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 04 00 22 00 |......d.|......".|
|00001350| 38 00 01 08 00 04 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 02 00 22 00 |8.....d.|......".|
|00001360| 08 00 01 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 |......d.|......".|
|00001370| 3a 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 |:.....d.|......".|
|00001380| 38 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 |8.....d.|......".|
|00001390| 26 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 |&.....d.|......".|
|000013a0| 2a 00 01 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 15 00 |*.....d.|........|
|000013b0| 28 00 03 08 cd 04 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 04 00 22 00 |(.....d.|......".|
|000013c0| 2e 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | ff 00 00 00 07 00 0d 00 |......d.|........|
|000013d0| 24 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 04 00 22 00 |$.....d.|......".|
|000013e0| 28 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 03 00 22 00 |(.....d.|......".|
|000013f0| 24 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 |$.....d.|......".|
|00001400| 2e 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | fd 00 00 00 07 00 22 00 |......d.|......".|
|00001410| 2c 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 |,.....d.|......".|
|00001420| 2e 04 02 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 |......d.|......".|
|00001430| 2e 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | fc 00 00 00 04 00 22 00 |......d.|......".|
|00001440| 30 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 04 00 22 00 |0.....d.|......".|
|00001450| 1c 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 |......d.|......".|
|00001460| 2e 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 01 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 |......d.|......".|
|00001470| 2e 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 04 00 00 00 07 00 0d 00 |......d.|........|
|00001480| 2e 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 |......d.|......".|
|00001490| 2e 00 00 08 00 01 64 00 | 02 00 00 00 03 00 22 00 |......d.|......".|
|000014a0| 2e 04 02 08 00 01 64 00 | ff 00 00 00 02 00 22 00 |......d.|......".|
|000014b0| 2e 04 00 08 00 01 64 00 | ff 00 00 00 00 06 72 00 |......d.|......r.|
|000014c0| 04 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000014d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 ff |........|...... .|
|000014e0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000014f0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff e9 | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001500| 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 04 | 00 52 00 01 00 00 00 06 |........|.R......|
|00001510| 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 | 00 06 00 06 00 00 00 01 |........|........|
|00001520| 00 00 00 00 00 1e 01 00 | 00 20 01 00 00 28 00 c2 |........|. ...(..|
|00001530| 00 00 00 12 00 03 00 00 | 01 9e 00 06 00 00 00 09 |........|........|
|00001540| 00 03 00 00 07 4e 00 00 | 00 42 00 04 00 00 01 9d |.....N..|.B......|
|00001550| 00 08 00 00 00 01 00 07 | 00 00 00 09 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00001560| 00 b2 00 04 00 00 01 54 | 00 04 00 00 00 23 00 04 |.......T|.....#..|
|00001570| 00 00 01 9d 00 03 00 00 | 01 d5 00 04 00 00 00 01 |........|........|
|00001580| 00 04 00 00 00 fa 00 04 | 00 00 00 b8 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001590| 01 d5 00 04 00 00 00 01 | 00 04 00 00 00 fa 00 04 |........|........|
|000015a0| 00 00 01 53 00 04 00 00 | 00 01 00 04 00 00 00 01 |...S....|........|
|000015b0| 00 04 00 00 00 50 00 04 | 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 00 |.....P..|........|
|000015c0| 01 9c 00 00 00 00 00 01 | 00 04 00 00 01 9c 00 00 |........|........|
|000015d0| 00 00 c0 00 04 31 2e 35 | 38 a1 00 c0 00 01 20 a1 |.....1.5|8..... .|
|000015e0| 00 c0 00 01 30 a1 00 c0 | 00 01 20 a1 00 c0 00 06 |....0...|.. .....|
|000015f0| 31 32 35 2e 35 34 a1 00 | c0 00 01 20 a1 00 00 00 |125.54..|... ....|
|00001600| 00 03 ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff |...... .|.... ...|
|00001610| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001620| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001630| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001640| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001650| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 04 03 00 00 00 00 |.... ...|........|
|00001660| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001670| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 | 20 02 00 00 00 00 20 ff |........| ..... .|
|00001680| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001690| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000016a0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|000016b0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000016c0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000016d0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|000016e0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000016f0| 02 03 00 00 04 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001700| 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 00 |........|...... .|
|00001710| 12 00 00 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001720| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001730| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001740| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001750| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001760| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001770| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001780| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 02 00 | 02 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 | .......|........|
|00001790| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff | ff 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000017a0| 00 00 00 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000017b0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000017c0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|000017d0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000017e0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000017f0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001800| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001810| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 5b 03 03 00 | ..... .|....[...|
|00001820| 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 cc |........|........|
|00001830| cd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 20 00 12 00 00 00 |........|.. .....|
|00001840| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001850| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001860| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001870| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001880| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001890| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|000018a0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000018b0| ff 00 06 03 00 00 02 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000018c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000018d0| 20 00 12 00 00 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|000018e0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|000018f0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff 00 1b |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001900| 52 49 53 43 20 55 73 65 | 72 20 41 70 72 69 6c 20 |RISC Use|r April |
|00001910| 31 39 39 30 09 31 32 09 | 72 79 20 31 39 39 30 09 |1990.12.|ry 1990.|
|00001920| 31 32 09 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |12......|........|
|00001930| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001940| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001950| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001960| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001970| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001980| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001990| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000019a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000019b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000019c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000019d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000019e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000019f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001a00| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001a10| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001a20| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001a30| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001a40| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 01 03 00 00 02 00 |.... ...|........|
|00001a50| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 |........|........|
|00001a60| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 20 00 12 00 00 00 20 ff |........| ..... .|
|00001a70| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001a80| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001a90| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001aa0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001ab0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001ac0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001ad0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001ae0| 01 03 00 00 06 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001af0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff e2 |........|........|
|00001b00| 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 04 | 00 41 00 80 00 00 00 06 |........|.A......|
|00001b10| 00 02 00 00 00 80 00 00 | 00 06 00 07 00 00 00 80 |........|........|
|00001b20| 00 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff | 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 |........|. ..... |
|00001b30| ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 | 00 01 ff 00 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00001b40| 00 00 00 01 03 00 00 0b | 80 00 03 1f 00 28 03 35 |........|.....(.5|
|00001b50| 02 2e de bd 2f 5f b6 6c | 17 2e 00 00 00 20 00 2e |..../_.l|..... ..|
|00001b60| f4 d0 00 00 00 00 00 2a | d0 88 00 01 00 00 80 00 |.......*|........|
|00001b70| 64 01 80 01 00 13 d7 af | 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 |d.......|........|
|00001b80| 00 00 00 00 ff 00 00 00 | 00 01 01 00 00 00 00 03 |........|........|
|00001b90| 16 00 22 03 19 02 36 dd | bb 84 08 dd bb 98 30 00 |.."...6.|......0.|
|00001ba0| 2a 00 fc 00 2e f5 1c 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 64 |*.......|.......d|
|00001bb0| 04 03 18 00 23 03 18 02 | 35 5d bb 84 08 5d bb 98 |....#...|5]...]..|
|00001bc0| 30 00 01 80 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 01 01 00 00 80 |0.......|........|
|00001bd0| 00 00 38 00 22 00 3b 02 | 36 b1 63 84 08 b1 63 98 |..8.".;.|6.c...c.|
|00001be0| 30 00 2a 00 fc 00 2e f5 | 64 00 00 00 00 00 2a cd |0.*.....|d.....*.|
|00001bf0| 90 64 04 00 3a 00 23 00 | 3a 02 35 31 63 84 00 00 |.d..:.#.|:.51c...|
|00001c00| 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 04 | 00 2d 00 02 00 00 00 06 |........|.-......|
|00001c10| 00 04 00 00 00 02 00 00 | 00 06 00 03 00 00 00 02 |........|........|
|00001c20| 00 00 00 00 6e 64 20 44 | 65 6c 65 74 65 20 77 6f |....nd D|elete wo|
|00001c30| 72 6b 73 20 61 73 20 65 | 78 0d 68 69 73 20 61 72 |rks as e|x.his ar|
|00001c40| 74 69 63 6c 65 2c 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 70 61 72 74 |ticle, w|ith part|
|00001c50| 20 74 77 6f 20 74 6f 20 | 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 20 6e | two to |follow n|
|00001c60| 65 78 74 20 6d 6f 6e 74 | 68 2c 20 64 65 73 63 72 |ext mont|h, descr|
|00001c70| 69 62 65 73 20 61 20 75 | 73 65 66 75 6c 20 64 69 |ibes a u|seful di|
|00001c80| 61 72 79 20 66 61 63 69 | 6c 69 74 79 20 74 6f 20 |ary faci|lity to |
|00001c90| 61 64 64 20 74 6f 20 79 | 6f 75 72 20 52 49 53 43 |add to y|our RISC|
|00001ca0| 20 4f 53 20 44 65 73 6b | 74 6f 70 2e 20 54 68 65 | OS Desk|top. The|
|00001cb0| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 20 72 75 6e 73 20 66 72 | program| runs fr|
|00001cc0| 6f 6d 20 61 6e 20 61 70 | 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f |om an ap|plicatio|
|00001cd0| 6e 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 | 6f 72 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 |n direct|ory, and|
|00001ce0| 20 75 73 65 73 20 61 6c | 6c 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 | uses al|l the st|
|00001cf0| 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 44 | 65 73 6b 74 6f 70 00 00 |andard D|esktop..|
|00001d00| 00 02 20 00 12 00 00 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001d10| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001d20| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001d30| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001d40| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001d50| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001d60| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001d70| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 05 03 03 00 03 00 |.... ...|........|
|00001d80| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 cc cd 00 |........|........|
|00001d90| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 20 00 12 00 00 00 20 ff |........| ..... .|
|00001da0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001db0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001dc0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001dd0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001de0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001df0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001e00| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001e10| 1b 00 00 00 01 00 08 81 | 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001e20| 00 00 02 80 01 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 00 |........|...... .|
|00001e30| 98 00 00 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001e40| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001e50| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001e60| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001e70| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001e80| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001e90| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001ea0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 01 00 | 01 00 0b 00 00 00 00 00 | .......|........|
|00001eb0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001ec0| 00 00 00 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00001ed0| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00001ee0| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00001ef0| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff 00 21 |.... ...|.. ....!|
|00001f00| 00 00 24 80 00 00 00 a4 | 00 22 00 e7 00 23 01 00 |..$.....|."...#..|
|00001f10| 00 24 00 c2 00 26 00 df | 00 33 01 00 00 35 01 00 |.$...&..|.3...5..|
|00001f20| 00 30 01 00 00 31 01 00 | 00 39 00 cf 00 2e 00 d4 |.0...1..|.9......|
|00001f30| 00 32 01 00 00 3a 01 00 | 00 3b 00 d0 00 3d 00 cb |.2...:..|.;...=..|
|00001f40| 00 34 01 00 00 3c 01 00 | 00 3f 01 00 00 2f 00 ed |.4...<..|.?.../..|
|00001f50| 00 2a 01 00 00 43 01 00 | 00 45 00 eb 00 46 00 f4 |.*...C..|.E...F..|
|00001f60| 00 47 00 f4 00 48 00 ff | 00 49 00 81 00 4d 00 bd |.G...H..|.I...M..|
|00001f70| 00 50 00 de 00 54 01 00 | 00 51 00 cc 00 53 00 cc |.P...T..|.Q...S..|
|00001f80| 00 55 00 ff 00 3e 01 00 | 00 57 00 ff 00 44 00 fc |.U...>..|.W...D..|
|00001f90| 00 40 01 00 00 58 01 00 | 00 59 00 83 00 56 00 81 |.@...X..|.Y...V..|
|00001fa0| 00 5a 01 00 00 2c 00 81 | 00 42 00 c8 00 00 02 88 |.Z...,..|.B......|
|00001fb0| 00 06 00 00 00 b1 00 18 | 00 00 00 01 00 0c 00 00 |........|........|
|00001fc0| 00 12 00 06 00 00 00 42 | 00 08 00 00 00 0a 00 06 |.......B|........|
|00001fd0| 00 00 00 70 00 16 00 00 | 00 01 00 06 00 00 02 2a |...p....|.......*|
|00001fe0| 00 16 00 00 00 01 00 06 | 00 00 00 06 00 08 00 00 |........|........|
|00001ff0| 00 0a 00 06 00 00 01 7b | 00 16 00 00 00 01 ff a5 |.......{|........|
|00002000| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff |.. .....| ..... .|
|00002010| ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 |.... ...|.. .....|
|00002020| 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff | ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff | ..... .|.... ...|
|00002030| ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 | 20 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 |.. .....| .......|
|00002040| 00 00 01 ff 00 00 04 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 03 00 00 |........|........|
|00002050| 0b 80 00 03 1d 00 28 03 | 32 02 2e 09 12 2f 5f e0 |......(.|2..../_.|
|00002060| c1 17 2e 00 00 00 c0 00 | 39 67 fc 00 00 00 00 00 |........|9g......|
|00002070| 35 40 84 00 01 00 00 80 | 00 64 01 80 01 00 13 d7 |5@......|.d......|
|00002080| af 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 ff 00 00 |........|........|
|00002090| 00 00 01 01 00 00 00 00 | 03 16 00 22 03 19 02 36 |........|..."...6|
|000020a0| dd bb 84 08 dd bb 98 30 | 00 34 7e cc 00 39 68 48 |.......0|.4~..9hH|
|000020b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 64 04 03 18 00 23 03 18 |........|d....#..|
|000020c0| 02 35 5d bb 84 08 5d bb | 98 30 00 01 80 00 00 00 |.5]...].|.0......|
|000020d0| 00 00 00 00 01 01 00 00 | 80 00 00 44 00 22 00 47 |........|...D.".G|
|000020e0| 02 36 08 10 84 08 08 10 | 98 30 00 34 7e cc 00 39 |.6......|.0.4~..9|
|000020f0| 68 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 64 04 00 45 00 64 |h.......|..d..E.d|
|00002100| 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 61 | 72 74 69 63 6c 65 20 77 |n this a|rticle w|
|00002110| 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 74 | 61 6b 65 20 61 20 6c 6f |e will t|ake a lo|
|00002120| 6f 6b 20 61 74 20 77 68 | 61 74 20 67 69 76 65 73 |ok at wh|at gives|
|00002130| 20 74 68 65 20 41 52 4d | 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 | the ARM| process|
|00002140| 6f 72 20 69 74 73 20 69 | 6e 63 72 65 64 69 62 6c |or its i|ncredibl|
|00002150| 65 20 70 65 72 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 6e 63 65 2c 20 61 |e perfor|mance, a|
|00002160| 6e 64 20 6f 66 66 65 72 | 20 61 20 66 65 77 20 68 |nd offer| a few h|
|00002170| 69 6e 74 73 20 74 6f 20 | 65 6e 73 75 72 65 20 74 |ints to |ensure t|
|00002180| 68 61 74 20 41 52 4d 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 |hat ARM |programs|
|00002190| 20 65 78 65 63 75 74 65 | 20 61 73 20 66 61 73 74 | execute| as fast|
|000021a0| 20 61 73 20 69 73 20 70 | 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 2e | as is p|ossible.|
|000021b0| 0d 0d 44 4f 57 4e 10 54 | 48 45 10 50 49 50 45 4c |..DOWN.T|HE.PIPEL|
|000021c0| 49 4e 45 0d 09 4f 6e 65 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |INE..One| of the |
|000021d0| 6b 65 79 20 63 6f 6e 63 | 65 70 74 73 20 74 68 61 |key conc|epts tha|
|000021e0| 74 20 67 69 76 65 73 69 | 6e 67 2e 20 54 6f 20 75 |t givesi|ng. To u|
|000021f0| 6e 64 65 72 73 74 61 6e | 64 20 77 68 61 74 20 74 |nderstan|d what t|
|00002200| 20 74 68 65 20 41 52 4d | 20 69 74 73 20 73 70 65 | the ARM| its spe|
|00002210| 65 64 20 69 73 20 6b 6e | 6f 77 6e 20 61 73 20 70 |ed is kn|own as p|
|00002220| 69 70 65 6c 69 6e 69 6e | 67 2e 20 54 6f 20 75 6e |ipelinin|g. To un|
|00002230| 64 65 72 73 74 61 6e 64 | 20 77 68 61 74 20 74 68 |derstand| what th|
|00002240| 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 68 6f 77 20 69 74 |is is an|d how it|
|00002250| 20 77 6f 72 6b 73 20 77 | 65 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 | works w|e need t|
|00002260| 6f 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 61 | 74 20 68 6f 77 20 61 20 |o look a|t how a |
|00002270| 74 79 70 69 63 61 6c 20 | 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f |typical |processo|
|00002280| 72 20 67 6f 65 73 20 61 | 62 6f 75 74 20 69 74 73 |r goes a|bout its|
|00002290| 20 64 75 74 69 65 73 2e | 0d 0d 09 49 6e 20 67 65 | duties.|...In ge|
|000022a0| 6e 65 72 61 6c 2c 20 65 | 61 63 68 20 61 6e 64 20 |neral, e|ach and |
|000022b0| 65 76 65 72 79 20 69 6e | 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f |every in|structio|
|000022c0| 6e 20 67 6f 65 73 20 74 | 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 |n goes t|hrough t|
|000022d0| 68 72 65 65 20 64 69 73 | 74 69 6e 63 74 20 70 68 |hree dis|tinct ph|
|000022e0| 61 73 65 73 2e 20 46 69 | 72 73 74 6c 79 2c 20 74 |ases. Fi|rstly, t|
|000022f0| 68 65 20 69 6e 73 74 72 | 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |he instr|uction o|
|00002300| 70 63 6f 64 65 20 69 73 | 20 66 65 74 63 68 65 64 |pcode is| fetched|
|00002310| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 6d 65 | 6d 6f 72 79 2e 20 53 65 | from me|mory. Se|
|00002320| 63 6f 6e 64 6c 79 2c 20 | 69 74 20 69 73 20 64 65 |condly, |it is de|
|00002330| 63 6f 64 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 64 65 63 69 64 65 20 |coded to| decide |
|00002340| 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6d 75 |which ac|tions mu|
|00002350| 73 74 20 62 65 20 70 65 | 72 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 2c |st be pe|rformed,|
|00002360| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 74 68 69 72 64 20 73 | and the| third s|
|00002370| 74 65 70 20 69 73 20 74 | 6f 20 61 63 74 75 61 6c |tep is t|o actual|
|00002380| 6c 79 20 70 65 72 66 6f | 72 6d 20 74 68 65 6d 2e |ly perfo|rm them.|
|00002390| 20 45 61 63 68 20 73 74 | 61 67 65 20 69 6e 76 6f | Each st|age invo|
|000023a0| 6c 76 65 73 20 61 20 64 | 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 |lves a d|ifferent|
|000023b0| 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | section| of the |
|000023c0| 70 72 68 20 73 74 61 67 | 65 20 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 |prh stag|e involv|
|000023d0| 65 73 20 61 20 64 69 66 | 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 73 |es a dif|ferent s|
|000023e0| 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |ection o|f the pr|
|000023f0| 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |ection o|f the pr|
|00002400| 52 49 53 43 20 55 73 65 | 72 20 41 70 72 69 6c 20 |RISC Use|r April |
|00002410| 31 39 39 30 09 32 39 09 | 72 79 20 31 39 39 30 09 |1990.29.|ry 1990.|
|00002420| 31 32 09 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |12......|........|
|00002430| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002440| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002450| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002460| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002470| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002480| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002490| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000024a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000024b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000024c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000024d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 01 68 aa 55 aa 55 |........|...h.U.U|
|000024e0| 00 00 00 3c 00 00 fa 04 | f9 90 00 20 84 00 00 00 |...<....|... ....|
|000024f0| 00 00 01 e0 02 80 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 48 |........|.......H|
|00002500| 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 27 | 73 20 63 69 72 63 75 69 |ocessor'|s circui|
|00002510| 74 72 79 2e 20 49 74 20 | 69 73 20 6f 62 76 69 6f |try. It |is obvio|
|00002520| 75 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 69 66 20 69 6e 73 74 72 |us that |if instr|
|00002530| 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 70 72 6f 63 |uctions |are proc|
|00002540| 65 73 73 65 64 20 73 74 | 72 69 63 74 6c 79 20 6f |essed st|rictly o|
|00002550| 6e 65 20 61 66 74 65 72 | 20 74 68 65 20 6f 74 68 |ne after| the oth|
|00002560| 65 72 2c 20 6f 6e 6c 79 | 20 61 20 74 68 69 72 64 |er, only| a third|
|00002570| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f | of the |processo|
|00002580| 72 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 | 65 20 69 6e 20 75 73 65 |r will b|e in use|
|00002590| 20 61 74 20 61 6e 79 20 | 6f 6e 65 20 74 69 6d 65 | at any |one time|
|000025a0| 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 | 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 77 |. For ex|ample, w|
|000025b0| 68 69 6c 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 |hile the| instruc|
|000025c0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 | 62 65 69 6e 67 20 64 65 |tion is |being de|
|000025d0| 63 6f 64 65 64 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 65 78 65 63 63 |coded, t|he execc|
|000025e0| 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 | 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 64 |ction is| being d|
|000025f0| 65 63 6f 64 65 64 2c 20 | 74 68 65 20 65 78 65 63 |ecoded, |the exec|
|00002600| 00 00 01 ec 00 00 00 08 | 00 28 00 f5 00 29 00 f7 |........|.(...)..|
|00002610| 00 00 00 2a 00 0d 00 00 | 00 01 00 11 00 00 00 13 |...*....|........|
|00002620| 00 0d 00 00 00 01 00 15 | 00 00 01 80 00 1c 00 00 |........|........|
|00002630| 00 01 00 10 00 00 00 50 | 00 1b 00 00 00 06 00 00 |.......P|........|
|00002640| 00 a2 00 09 00 00 00 01 | 00 09 00 00 00 13 00 09 |........|........|
|00002650| 00 00 00 01 00 09 00 00 | 00 13 00 09 00 00 00 26 |........|.......&|
|00002660| 00 09 00 00 00 22 00 09 | 00 00 00 20 00 09 00 00 |....."..|... ....|
|00002670| 00 25 00 09 00 00 00 12 | 00 09 00 00 00 15 00 09 |.%......|........|
|00002680| 00 00 00 09 00 09 00 00 | 00 1c 00 09 00 00 00 2a |........|.......*|
|00002690| 00 09 00 00 00 1e 00 09 | 00 00 00 20 00 09 00 00 |........|... ....|
|000026a0| 00 0c 00 09 00 00 00 20 | 00 09 00 00 00 01 00 09 |....... |........|
|000026b0| 00 00 00 1f 00 09 00 00 | 00 31 00 09 00 00 00 01 |........|.1......|
|000026c0| 00 09 00 00 00 01 00 09 | 00 00 00 01 00 09 00 00 |........|........|
|000026d0| 00 01 00 09 00 00 00 01 | 00 09 00 00 00 01 00 09 |........|........|
|000026e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | a4 00 01 00 00 80 00 64 |........|.......d|
|000026f0| 01 80 01 00 13 d7 af 00 | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002700| 0d 49 6e 73 74 72 75 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 09 54 69 6d |.Instruc|tion.Tim|
|00002710| 69 6e 67 0d 0d 44 61 74 | 61 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 |ing..Dat|a proces|
|00002720| 73 69 6e 67 09 31 53 0d | 44 61 74 61 20 70 72 6f |sing.1S.|Data pro|
|00002730| 63 65 73 73 69 6e 67 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 72 65 67 |cessing |with reg|
|00002740| 69 73 74 65 72 09 31 53 | 20 2b 20 31 53 0d 20 20 |ister.1S| + 1S.  |
|00002750| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|00002760| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 73 68 69 66 74 0d |        |  shift.|
|00002770| 44 61 74 61 20 70 72 6f | 63 65 73 73 69 6e 67 20 |Data pro|cessing |
|00002780| 77 69 74 68 20 50 43 09 | 32 53 20 2b 20 31 4e 0d |with PC.|2S + 1N.|
|00002790| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |        |        |
|000027a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 6d 6f 64 69 |        |    modi|
|000027b0| 66 69 65 64 0d 4c 6f 61 | 64 09 31 53 20 2b 20 31 |fied.Loa|d.1S + 1|
|000027c0| 4e 20 2b 20 31 49 0d 4c | 6f 61 64 20 50 43 09 32 |N + 1I.L|oad PC.2|
|000027d0| 53 20 2b 20 32 4e 20 2b | 20 31 49 0d 53 74 6f 72 |S + 2N +| 1I.Stor|
|000027e0| 65 09 32 4e 0d 4c 6f 61 | 64 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 |e.2N.Loa|d multip|
|000027f0| 6c 65 09 6e 53 20 2b 20 | 31 4e 20 2b 20 31 49 20 |le.nS + |1N + 1I |
|00002800| 20 2b 20 31 4e 20 2b 20 | 31 49 20 0d 4c 6f 61 64 | + 1N + |1I .Load|
|00002810| 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 6c | 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 50 | multipl|e with P|
|00002820| 43 09 28 6e 20 2b 20 31 | 29 20 53 20 2b 20 32 4e |C.(n + 1|) S + 2N|
|00002830| 20 2b 20 31 49 0d 53 74 | 6f 72 65 20 6d 75 6c 74 | + 1I.St|ore mult|
|00002840| 69 70 6c 65 09 28 6e 20 | 2d 20 31 29 20 53 20 2b |iple.(n |- 1) S +|
|00002850| 20 32 4e 0d 42 72 61 6e | 63 68 2f 62 72 61 6e 63 | 2N.Bran|ch/branc|
|00002860| 68 20 77 69 74 68 20 6c | 69 6e 6b 09 32 53 20 2b |h with l|ink.2S +|
|00002870| 20 31 4e 0d 53 57 49 09 | 32 53 20 2b 20 31 4e 0d | 1N.SWI.|2S + 1N.|
|00002880| 4d 75 6c 74 69 70 6c 79 | 2f 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 6c |Multiply|/multipl|
|00002890| 79 20 26 20 61 64 64 09 | 31 53 20 2b 20 6d 49 0d |y & add.|1S + mI.|
|000028a0| 0d 6e 3d 4e 6f 2e 20 6f | 66 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 |.n=No. o|f regist|
|000028b0| 65 72 73 20 74 72 61 6e | 73 66 65 72 72 65 64 0d |ers tran|sferred.|
|000028c0| 6d 3d 56 61 6c 75 65 20 | 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 |m=Value |between |
|000028d0| 31 20 61 6e 64 20 31 36 | 20 64 65 70 65 6e 64 69 |1 and 16| dependi|
|000028e0| 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 6d 75 | 6c 74 69 70 6c 69 65 72 |ng on mu|ltiplier|
|000028f0| 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d b4 | 00 0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002900| 73 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 | 63 68 61 6e 67 65 20 74 |s these |change t|
|00002910| 68 65 20 66 6c 6f 77 20 | 6f 66 20 61 20 70 72 6f |he flow |of a pro|
|00002920| 67 72 61 6d 20 74 68 65 | 79 20 66 6f 72 63 65 20 |gram the|y force |
|00002930| 74 68 65 20 70 69 70 65 | 6c 69 6e 65 20 74 6f 20 |the pipe|line to |
|00002940| 62 65 20 63 6c 65 61 72 | 65 64 2c 20 61 73 20 74 |be clear|ed, as t|
|00002950| 68 65 20 69 6e 73 74 72 | 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 |he instr|uctions |
|00002960| 66 65 74 63 68 65 64 20 | 61 6e 64 20 64 65 63 6f |fetched |and deco|
|00002970| 64 65 64 20 77 69 6c 6c | 20 6e 6f 74 20 6e 6f 77 |ded will| not now|
|00002980| 20 62 65 20 65 78 65 63 | 75 74 65 64 2e 20 49 6e | be exec|uted. In|
|00002990| 73 74 65 61 64 2c 20 79 | 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c |stead, y|ou shoul|
|000029a0| 64 20 65 78 70 6c 6f 69 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 66 65 |d exploi|t the fe|
|000029b0| 61 74 75 72 65 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 41 52 4d |ature of| the ARM|
|000029c0| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 | 6c 6c 6f 77 73 20 61 6e | which a|llows an|
|000029d0| 79 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f |y instru|ction to|
|000029e0| 20 62 65 20 65 78 65 63 | 75 74 65 64 20 63 6f 6e | be exec|uted con|
|000029f0| 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c | 6c 79 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 |ditional|ly. For |
|00002a00| 41 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 | 72 20 57 6f 72 6b 73 68 |Assemble|r Worksh|
|00002a10| 6f 70 0d 69 61 72 79 0d | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 |op.iary.|........|
|00002a20| 66 67 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 20 00 12 00 00 |fg......|... ....|
|00002a30| 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 | ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff |. ..... |..... ..|
|00002a40| ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff | 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 |... ....|. ..... |
|00002a50| ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff | ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff |..... ..|... ....|
|00002a60| 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 | ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff |. ..... |..... ..|
|00002a70| ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff | 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 |... ....|. ..... |
|00002a80| ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff | ff ff 00 20 ff ff ff ff |..... ..|... ....|
|00002a90| 00 20 ff ff ff ff 00 20 | ff ff ff ff 00 20 ff ff |. ..... |..... ..|
|00002aa0| ff ff 53 31 02 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 04 54 65 78 |..S1....|.....Tex|
|00002ab0| 74 63 00 00 00 00 01 20 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |tc..... |........|
|00002ac0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002ad0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002ae0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002af0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002b00| 73 20 77 65 20 65 6e 64 | 20 75 70 20 77 69 74 68 |s we end| up with|
|00002b10| 3a 0d 09 09 09 4d 4f 56 | 20 52 30 2c 23 30 0d 09 |:....MOV| R0,#0..|
|00002b20| 09 09 4d 4f 56 20 52 31 | 2c 23 31 0d 09 09 09 4d |..MOV R1|,#1....M|
|00002b30| 4f 56 20 52 33 2c 23 35 | 0d 09 2e 6c 6f 6f 70 09 |OV R3,#5|...loop.|
|00002b40| 41 44 44 20 52 30 2c 52 | 30 2c 52 31 0d 09 09 09 |ADD R0,R|0,R1....|
|00002b50| 41 44 44 20 52 31 2c 52 | 30 2c 52 31 0d 09 09 09 |ADD R1,R|0,R1....|
|00002b60| 41 44 44 20 52 30 2c 52 | 30 2c 52 31 0d 09 09 09 |ADD R0,R|0,R1....|
|00002b70| 41 44 44 20 52 31 2c 52 | 30 2c 52 31 0d 09 09 09 |ADD R1,R|0,R1....|
|00002b80| 53 55 42 53 20 52 33 2c | 52 33 2c 23 31 0d 09 09 |SUBS R3,|R3,#1...|
|00002b90| 09 42 4e 45 20 6c 6f 6f | 70 0d 54 68 65 20 65 78 |.BNE loo|p.The ex|
|00002ba0| 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 74 69 6d 65 20 69 73 20 |ecution |time is |
|00002bb0| 6e 6f 77 20 72 65 64 75 | 63 65 64 20 74 6f 20 33 |now redu|ced to 3|
|00002bc0| 2b 39 2a 34 2b 36 20 3d | 20 34 35 20 63 79 63 6c |+9*4+6 =| 45 cycl|
|00002bd0| 65 73 2e 20 48 65 6e 63 | 65 2c 20 77 65 20 68 61 |es. Henc|e, we ha|
|00002be0| 76 65 20 72 65 64 75 63 | 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 65 |ve reduc|ed the e|
|00002bf0| 78 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e | 20 74 69 0d 09 0d 0d 0d |xecution| ti.....|
|00002c00| 52 55 01 ce 00 00 03 54 | 02 40 02 51 00 00 00 74 |RU.....T|.@.Q...t|
|00002c10| 00 00 f7 24 01 ce 00 50 | 01 ce 02 2d 03 01 02 2d |...$...P|...-...-|
|00002c20| 03 01 02 2e 03 12 00 50 | 03 12 02 0f 03 13 02 0f |.......P|........|
|00002c30| 03 13 02 2e 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002c40| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002c50| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002c60| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002c70| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002c80| 00 00 00 14 00 00 f1 d8 | 00 0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002c90| 00 00 01 ce 00 00 00 20 | 7f ff 03 01 02 0f 02 2d |....... |.......-|
|00002ca0| 7f ff 03 12 00 50 02 0f | 7f ff 7f ff 02 0f 02 2e |.....P..|........|
|00002cb0| 7f ff 7f ff 00 00 00 14 | 00 00 f3 94 00 0a 03 01 |........|........|
|00002cc0| 02 0f 03 13 02 2e 00 00 | 00 00 00 90 00 00 f8 10 |........|........|
|00002cd0| 80 32 17 f0 80 08 ff f4 | 00 00 00 01 00 0c 00 00 |.2......|........|
|00002ce0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 48 | 00 00 00 48 00 00 00 00 |.......H|...H....|
|00002cf0| 00 04 00 01 00 04 00 00 | 00 00 00 2c b0 98 00 00 |........|...,....|
|00002d00| 6e 61 6c 2c 20 73 65 71 | 75 65 6e 74 69 61 6c 20 |nal, seq|uential |
|00002d10| 61 6e 64 20 6e 6f 6e 2d | 73 65 71 75 65 6e 74 69 |and non-|sequenti|
|00002d20| 61 6c 20 72 65 73 70 65 | 63 74 69 76 65 6c 79 2e |al respe|ctively.|
|00002d30| 20 41 6e 20 69 6e 74 65 | 72 6e 61 6c 20 63 79 63 | An inte|rnal cyc|
|00002d40| 6c 65 20 69 73 20 77 68 | 65 6e 20 6e 6f 20 61 63 |le is wh|en no ac|
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|00003b90| 69 76 69 64 65 6e 64 29 | 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6f 6e |ividend)| will on|
|00003ba0| 20 61 76 65 72 61 67 65 | 20 70 65 72 66 6f 72 6d | average| perform|
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|00003bf0| 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 | 49 6e 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 |action. |In many |
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|00003c10| 63 72 65 65 6e 20 6d 6f | 64 65 73 2c 20 61 73 20 |creen mo|des, as |
|00003c20| 74 68 65 20 41 52 4d 20 | 69 73 20 68 61 6c 74 65 |the ARM |is halte|
|00003c30| 64 20 77 68 69 6c 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 65 |d while |the scre|
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|00003c50| 20 53 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 | 6c 79 2c 20 69 6e 74 65 | Similar|ly, inte|
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|00003ca0| 66 6f 72 65 67 72 6f 75 | 6e 64 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |foregrou|nd progr|
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|00003ce0| 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 0d | 0d 0d 53 50 45 45 44 49 |ution o.|..SPEEDI|
|00003cf0| 4e 47 10 55 50 10 59 4f | 55 52 10 50 52 4f 47 52 |NG.UP.YO|UR.PROGR|
|00003d00| 64 65 72 20 61 20 70 72 | 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 74 68 |der a pr|ogram th|
|00003d10| 61 74 20 74 61 6b 65 73 | 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 69 6e |at takes| some in|
|00003d20| 70 75 74 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 74 68 65 20 75 73 65 |put from| the use|
|00003d30| 72 2c 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | 73 73 65 73 20 69 74 20 |r, proce|sses it |
|00003d40| 69 6e 20 61 20 6c 6f 6f | 70 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |in a loo|p which |
|00003d50| 69 73 20 65 78 65 63 75 | 74 65 64 20 6d 61 6e 79 |is execu|ted many|
|00003d60| 20 74 69 6d 65 73 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 6e | times, |and then|
|00003d70| 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 73 | outputs| the res|
|00003d80| 75 6c 74 73 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 6c 6f 6f 70 20 6d |ults. Th|e loop m|
|00003d90| 61 79 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 | 6d 61 6b 65 20 75 70 20 |ay only |make up |
|00003da0| 61 20 66 72 61 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |a fracti|on of th|
|00003db0| 65 20 63 6f 64 65 27 73 | 20 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 2c |e code's| length,|
|00003dc0| 20 62 75 74 20 77 69 6c | 6c 20 70 72 6f 62 61 62 | but wil|l probab|
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|00003de0| 75 6c 6b 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 65 78 65 63 75 |ulk of t|he execu|
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|00003e00| 63 61 73 65 73 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 68 6f 69 63 |cases, t|he choic|
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|00003e30| 62 75 74 20 69 6e 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 69 6e 76 6f |but in m|ore invo|
|00003e40| 6c 76 65 64 20 63 61 73 | 65 73 20 69 74 20 69 73 |lved cas|es it is|
|00003e50| 20 77 6f 72 74 68 20 64 | 6f 69 6e 67 20 61 20 62 | worth d|oing a b|
|00003e60| 69 74 20 6f 66 20 72 65 | 73 65 61 72 63 68 20 74 |it of re|search t|
|00003e70| 6f 20 66 69 6e 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 62 65 73 74 20 |o find t|he best |
|00003e80| 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 2e 0d | 0d 09 48 61 76 69 6e 67 |method..|..Having|
|00003e90| 20 63 68 6f 73 65 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 6f 72 72 | chosen |the corr|
|00003ea0| 65 63 74 20 61 6c 67 6f | 72 69 74 68 6d 2c 20 74 |ect algo|rithm, t|
|00003eb0| 68 65 20 6e 65 78 74 20 | 73 74 61 67 65 20 69 73 |he next |stage is|
|00003ec0| 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 64 65 | 20 69 74 20 61 73 20 65 | to code| it as e|
|00003ed0| 66 66 69 63 69 65 6e 74 | 6c 79 20 61 73 20 70 6f |fficient|ly as po|
|00003ee0| 73 73 69 62 6c 65 2e 20 | 54 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 |ssible. |There ar|
|00003ef0| 65 20 61 20 6e 75 6d 62 | 65 72 20 6f 66 20 73 69 |e a numb|er of si|
|00003f00| 09 09 43 4d 50 20 52 33 | 2c 23 32 30 0d 09 09 09 |..CMP R3|,#20....|
|00003f10| 42 4e 45 20 6c 6f 6f 70 | 0d 45 61 63 68 20 70 61 |BNE loop|.Each pa|
|00003f20| 73 73 20 74 68 72 6f 75 | 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 6c |ss throu|gh the l|
|00003f30| 6f 6f 70 20 74 61 6b 65 | 73 20 39 20 63 6c 6f 63 |oop take|s 9 cloc|
|00003f40| 6b 20 63 79 63 6c 65 73 | 20 28 34 20 6f 66 20 74 |k cycles| (4 of t|
|00003f50| 68 65 6d 20 66 6f 72 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 72 61 6e |hem for |the bran|
|00003f60| 63 68 29 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 68 65 6e 63 65 20 74 |ch), and| hence t|
|00003f70| 68 65 20 65 6e 74 69 72 | 65 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e |he entir|e routin|
|00003f80| 65 20 74 61 6b 65 73 20 | 33 2b 39 2a 31 39 2b 36 |e takes |3+9*19+6|
|00003f90| 20 3d 20 31 38 30 20 63 | 79 63 6c 65 73 2e 20 54 | = 180 c|ycles. T|
|00003fa0| 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 6d | 61 64 65 20 75 70 20 6f |his is m|ade up o|
|00003fb0| 66 20 33 20 63 79 63 6c | 65 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 |f 3 cycl|es for t|
|00003fc0| 68 65 20 69 6e 69 74 69 | 61 6c 20 72 65 67 69 73 |he initi|al regis|
|00003fd0| 74 65 72 20 73 65 74 75 | 70 2c 20 70 6c 75 73 20 |ter setu|p, plus |
|00003fe0| 31 39 20 74 69 6d 65 73 | 20 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 74 |19 times| round t|
|00003ff0| 68 65 20 6c 6f 6f 70 2c | 20 70 6c 75 73 20 61 20 |he loop,| plus a |
|00004000| 44 61 76 69 64 20 53 70 | 65 6e 63 65 72 20 61 6e |David Sp|encer an|
|00004010| 64 20 53 74 65 70 68 65 | 6e 20 53 74 72 65 61 74 |d Stephe|n Streat|
|00004020| 65 72 20 65 78 70 6c 61 | 69 6e 20 77 68 79 20 74 |er expla|in why t|
|00004030| 68 65 20 41 52 4d 20 70 | 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 |he ARM p|rocessor|
|00004040| 20 6f 66 66 65 72 73 20 | 73 75 63 68 20 68 69 67 | offers |such hig|
|00004050| 68 20 70 65 72 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 6e 63 65 2c 20 61 |h perfor|mance, a|
|00004060| 6e 64 20 68 6f 77 20 74 | 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 66 |nd how t|o make f|
|00004070| 75 6c 6c 20 75 73 65 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 69 73 2e |ull use |of this.|
|00004080| 2e 9d 00 00 00 00 00 9d | 7f ff 00 60 00 6d 00 9d |........|...`.m..|
|00004090| 7f ff 00 78 00 6d 00 9d | 7f ff 00 fc 00 00 00 9d |...x.m..|........|
|000040a0| 7f ff 7f ff 00 00 00 2c | 00 00 f6 94 00 24 00 62 |.......,|.....$.b|
|000040b0| 00 4f 00 fc 00 9d 00 62 | 00 4f 00 6d 7f ff 00 78 |.O.....b|.O.m...x|
|000040c0| 00 6d 00 9d 7f ff 00 fc | 00 4f 00 9d 7f ff 7f ff |.m......|.O......|
|000040d0| 00 00 00 4c 00 00 f6 98 | 00 2c 00 62 00 4f 00 87 |...L....|.,.b.O..|
|000040e0| 00 9d 00 62 00 4f 00 6d | 7f ff 00 78 00 6d 00 00 |...b.O.m|...x.m..|
|000040f0| 00 2e 00 7a 00 4f 00 6c | 7f ff 00 87 00 6c 00 9d |...z.O.l|.....l..|
|00004100| 55 42 53 20 52 33 2c 52 | 33 2c 23 31 0d 09 09 09 |UBS R3,R|3,#1....|
|00004110| 42 4e 45 20 6c 6f 6f 70 | 0d 54 68 65 20 65 78 65 |BNE loop|.The exe|
|00004120| 63 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 | 69 6d 65 20 69 73 20 6e |cution t|ime is n|
|00004130| 6f 77 20 72 65 64 75 63 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 33 2b |ow reduc|ed to 3+|
|00004140| 39 2a 34 2b 36 20 3d 20 | 34 35 20 63 79 63 6c 65 |9*4+6 = |45 cycle|
|00004150| 73 2e 20 48 65 6e 63 65 | 2c 20 77 65 20 68 61 76 |s. Hence|, we hav|
|00004160| 65 20 72 65 64 75 63 65 | 64 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 |e reduce|d the ex|
|00004170| 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 74 69 6d 65 20 74 6f 20 |ecution |time to |
|00004180| 32 35 25 20 6f 66 20 69 | 74 73 20 6f 72 69 67 69 |25% of i|ts origi|
|00004190| 6e 61 6c 20 76 61 6c 75 | 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 |nal valu|e with a|
|000041a0| 20 62 69 74 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 6f 75 67 68 74 20 | bit of |thought |
|000041b0| 61 6e 64 20 61 20 66 65 | 77 20 74 72 69 63 6b 73 |and a fe|w tricks|
|000041c0| 2e 0d 09 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d | 20 7a 20 19 01 0b 01 e8 |........| z .....|
|000041d0| 00 00 00 12 00 00 f4 04 | 00 0a ff 4d 00 19 00 49 |........|...M...I|
|000041e0| 01 e8 00 00 00 12 00 00 | f4 04 00 0a 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000041f0| 02 d0 02 40 00 00 00 12 | 00 00 f4 30 00 00 01 a4 |...@....|...0....|
|00004200| 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c | 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 |example,| conside|
|00004210| 72 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 | 6f 62 6c 65 6d 20 6f 66 |r the pr|oblem of|
|00004220| 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 74 | 69 6e 67 20 61 20 63 68 | convert|ing a ch|
|00004230| 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 | 74 6f 20 75 70 70 65 72 |aracter |to upper|
|00004240| 20 63 61 73 65 20 69 66 | 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 61 | case if| it is a|
|00004250| 20 6c 6f 77 65 72 20 63 | 61 73 65 20 6c 65 74 74 | lower c|ase lett|
|00004260| 65 72 2e 20 4f 6e 65 20 | 77 61 79 20 6f 66 20 64 |er. One |way of d|
|00004270| 6f 69 6e 67 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 |oing thi|s would |
|00004280| 62 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 6f 64 65 |be with |the code|
|00004290| 3a 0d 09 09 09 43 4d 50 | 20 52 30 2c 23 41 53 43 |:....CMP| R0,#ASC|
|000042a0| 22 61 22 0d 09 09 09 42 | 4c 4f 20 65 78 69 74 0d |"a"....B|LO exit.|
|000042b0| 09 09 09 43 4d 50 20 52 | 30 2c 23 41 53 43 22 7a |...CMP R|0,#ASC"z|
|000042c0| 22 0d 09 09 09 42 48 49 | 20 65 78 69 74 0d 09 09 |"....BHI| exit...|
|000042d0| 09 42 49 43 20 52 30 2c | 52 30 2c 23 26 32 30 0d |.BIC R0,|R0,#&20.|
|000042e0| 09 2e 65 78 69 74 09 2e | 2e 2e 0d 54 68 69 73 20 |..exit..|...This |
|000042f0| 74 61 6b 65 73 20 35 20 | 63 6c 6f 63 6b 20 63 79 |takes 5 |clock cy|
|00004300| 74 68 65 20 32 32 6e 64 | 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 69 |the 22nd| value i|
|00004310| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 46 69 | 62 6f 6e 61 63 63 69 20 |n the Fi|bonacci |
|00004320| 73 65 72 69 65 73 20 28 | 61 20 73 65 72 69 65 73 |series (|a series|
|00004330| 20 69 6e 20 77 68 69 63 | 68 20 65 61 63 68 20 6d | in whic|h each m|
|00004340| 65 6d 62 65 72 20 69 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 6d |ember is| the sum|
|00004350| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 70 72 65 76 69 6f 75 73 | of the |previous|
|00004360| 20 74 77 6f 20 2d 20 30 | 2c 20 31 2c 20 31 2c 20 | two - 0|, 1, 1, |
|00004370| 32 2c 20 33 2c 20 35 2c | 20 38 20 65 74 63 2e 29 |2, 3, 5,| 8 etc.)|
|00004380| 2e 20 41 20 66 69 72 73 | 74 20 61 74 74 65 6d 70 |. A firs|t attemp|
|00004390| 74 20 69 73 3a 0d 09 09 | 09 4d 4f 56 20 52 30 2c |t is:...|.MOV R0,|
|000043a0| 23 30 0d 09 09 09 4d 4f | 56 20 52 31 2c 23 31 0d |#0....MO|V R1,#1.|
|000043b0| 09 09 09 4d 4f 56 20 52 | 33 2c 23 30 0d 09 2e 6c |...MOV R|3,#0...l|
|000043c0| 6f 6f 70 09 41 44 44 20 | 52 32 2c 52 30 2c 52 31 |oop.ADD |R2,R0,R1|
|000043d0| 0d 09 09 09 4d 4f 56 20 | 52 30 2c 52 31 0d 09 09 |....MOV |R0,R1...|
|000043e0| 09 4d 4f 56 20 52 31 2c | 52 32 0d 09 09 09 41 44 |.MOV R1,|R2....AD|
|000043f0| 44 20 52 33 2c 52 33 2c | 23 31 0d 09 31 0d 09 09 |D R3,R3,|#1..1...|
|00004400| 63 6c 65 73 20 69 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 68 61 72 |cles if |the char|
|00004410| 61 63 74 65 72 20 69 73 | 20 61 20 6c 6f 77 65 72 |acter is| a lower|
|00004420| 20 63 61 73 65 20 6c 65 | 74 74 65 72 2c 20 61 6e | case le|tter, an|
|00004430| 64 20 65 69 74 68 65 72 | 20 35 20 6f 72 20 37 20 |d either| 5 or 7 |
|00004440| 6f 74 68 65 72 77 69 73 | 65 20 28 64 65 70 65 6e |otherwis|e (depen|
|00004450| 64 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 | 69 74 73 20 41 53 43 49 |ding on |its ASCI|
|00004460| 49 20 63 6f 64 65 29 2e | 20 41 20 6d 75 63 68 20 |I code).| A much |
|00004470| 62 65 74 74 65 72 20 61 | 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 74 69 |better a|lternati|
|00004480| 76 65 20 69 73 3a 0d 09 | 09 09 43 4d 50 20 20 20 |ve is:..|..CMP   |
|00004490| 20 52 30 2c 23 41 53 43 | 22 61 22 0d 09 09 09 52 | R0,#ASC|"a"....R|
|000044a0| 53 42 48 53 53 20 52 31 | 2c 52 30 2c 23 41 53 43 |SBHSS R1|,R0,#ASC|
|000044b0| 22 7a 22 0d 09 09 09 53 | 55 42 48 53 20 20 52 30 |"z"....S|UBHS  R0|
|000044c0| 2c 52 30 2c 23 26 32 30 | 0d 54 68 69 73 20 70 65 |,R0,#&20|.This pe|
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|000044e0| 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 62 20 74 68 65 20 |function|, b the |
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|00004500| 75 74 20 74 61 6b 65 73 | 20 6a 75 73 74 20 33 20 |ut takes| just 3 |
|00004510| 63 6c 6f 63 6b 20 63 79 | 63 6c 65 73 20 72 65 67 |clock cy|cles reg|
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|00004530| 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 | 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 73 |haracter|. This s|
|00004540| 61 76 69 6e 67 20 6d 61 | 79 20 6e 6f 74 20 73 65 |aving ma|y not se|
|00004550| 65 6d 20 61 20 6c 6f 74 | 2c 20 62 75 74 20 69 6d |em a lot|, but im|
|00004560| 61 67 69 6e 65 20 61 20 | 63 61 73 65 2d 69 6e 73 |agine a |case-ins|
|00004570| 65 6e 73 69 74 69 76 65 | 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 20 |ensitive| string |
|00004580| 73 6f 72 74 69 6e 67 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 |sorting |program |
|00004590| 77 68 69 63 68 20 6d 61 | 79 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 |which ma|y need t|
|000045a0| 6f 20 70 65 72 66 6f 72 | 6d 20 74 68 69 73 20 6f |o perfor|m this o|
|000045b0| 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 74 68 |peration| many th|
|000045c0| 6f 75 73 61 6e 64 73 20 | 6f 66 20 74 69 6d 65 73 |ousands |of times|
|000045d0| 2e 0d 0d 20 6c 09 4b 65 | 65 70 20 61 73 20 6d 61 |... l.Ke|ep as ma|
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|000045f0| 62 6c 65 73 65 73 20 61 | 73 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 |bleses a|s possib|
|00004600| 20 61 73 20 70 6f 73 73 | 69 62 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 | as poss|ible in |
|00004610| 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 | 73 2e 20 4d 6f 73 74 20 |register|s. Most |
|00004620| 64 61 74 61 20 6f 70 65 | 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 |data ope|rations |
|00004630| 6f 6e 20 72 65 67 69 73 | 74 65 72 73 20 74 61 6b |on regis|ters tak|
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|00004650| 2c 20 77 68 65 72 65 61 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 6f 76 |, wherea|s the ov|
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|00004680| 65 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 | 74 6f 20 61 6e 64 20 66 |e value |to and f|
|00004690| 72 6f 6d 20 6d 65 6d 6f | 72 79 20 66 69 72 73 74 |rom memo|ry first|
|000046a0| 20 69 73 20 63 6f 6e 73 | 69 64 65 72 61 62 6c 65 | is cons|iderable|
|000046b0| 2e 0d 0d 20 6c 09 54 61 | 6b 65 20 66 75 6c 6c 20 |... l.Ta|ke full |
|000046c0| 61 64 76 61 6e 74 61 67 | 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |advantag|e of the|
|000046d0| 20 41 52 4d 27 73 20 62 | 61 72 72 65 6c 20 73 68 | ARM's b|arrel sh|
|000046e0| 69 66 74 65 72 2e 20 53 | 68 69 66 74 20 61 6e 64 |ifter. S|hift and|
|000046f0| 20 72 6f 74 74 74 74 74 | 20 61 6e 64 20 72 6f 74 | rottttt| and rot|
|00004700| 61 74 65 20 6f 70 65 72 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 63 |ate oper|ations c|
|00004710| 61 6e 20 75 73 75 61 6c | 6c 79 20 62 65 20 63 6f |an usual|ly be co|
|00004720| 6d 62 69 6e 65 64 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 64 61 74 61 |mbined w|ith data|
|00004730| 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 77 69 74 68 | operati|ons with|
|00004740| 20 76 65 72 79 20 6c 69 | 74 74 6c 65 20 6f 76 65 | very li|ttle ove|
|00004750| 72 68 65 61 64 2e 20 46 | 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 |rhead. F|or examp|
|00004760| 6c 65 2c 20 63 61 6c 63 | 75 6c 61 74 69 6e 67 20 |le, calc|ulating |
|00004770| 52 30 3d 32 52 30 2b 52 | 31 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 |R0=2R0+R|1 can be|
|00004780| 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 69 6e | 20 6f 6e 65 20 63 79 63 | done in| one cyc|
|00004790| 6c 65 20 75 73 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 73 |le using| the ins|
|000047a0| 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e | 3a 0d 09 09 09 41 44 44 |truction|:....ADD|
|000047b0| 20 52 30 2c 52 31 2c 52 | 30 2c 41 53 4c 20 23 31 | R0,R1,R|0,ASL #1|
|000047c0| 0d 0d 09 4d 75 6c 74 69 | 70 6c 79 20 69 6e 73 74 |...Multi|ply inst|
|000047d0| 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 69 6e 20 77 68 69 63 |ructions| in whic|
|000047e0| 68 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 70 | 65 72 61 6e 64 20 69 73 |h one op|erand is|
|000047f0| 20 61 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 | 61 6e 74 20 63 61 6e 6e | a const|ant cann|
|00004800| 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 62 | 65 20 72 65 70 6c 61 63 | often b|e replac|
|00004810| 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 61 20 4d 4f 56 2c 20 41 |ed with |a MOV, A|
|00004820| 44 44 20 6f 72 20 53 55 | 42 20 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 |DD or SU|B involv|
|00004830| 69 6e 67 20 73 68 69 66 | 74 73 2e 0d 0d 20 6c 09 |ing shif|ts... l.|
|00004840| 43 6f 75 6e 74 20 6c 6f | 6f 70 73 20 62 61 63 6b |Count lo|ops back|
|00004850| 77 61 72 64 73 20 75 73 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |wards us|ing the |
|00004860| 53 55 42 53 20 69 6e 73 | 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e |SUBS ins|truction|
|00004870| 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 61 | 76 6f 69 64 73 20 61 20 |. This a|voids a |
|00004880| 63 63 20 63 6e 20 62 65 | 20 72 65 70 6c 61 63 65 |cc cn be| replace|
|00004890| 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 | 20 4d 4f 56 2c 20 41 44 |d with a| MOV, AD|
|000048a0| 44 20 6f 72 20 53 55 42 | 20 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 69 |D or SUB| involvi|
|000048b0| 6e 67 20 73 68 69 66 74 | 73 2e 0d 0d 20 6c 20 43 |ng shift|s... l C|
|000048c0| 6f 75 6e 74 20 6c 6f 6f | 70 73 20 62 61 63 6b 77 |ount loo|ps backw|
|000048d0| 61 72 64 73 20 75 73 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 53 |ards usi|ng the S|
|000048e0| 55 42 53 20 69 6e 73 74 | 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e |UBS inst|ruction.|
|000048f0| 20 54 68 69 73 20 61 76 | 6f 69 64 73 20 61 20 63 | This av|oids a c|
|00004900| 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 04 | 00 4b 00 17 00 00 00 06 |........|.K......|
|00004910| 00 01 00 00 00 17 00 00 | 00 06 00 01 00 00 00 17 |........|........|
|00004920| 00 00 00 00 00 80 00 64 | 01 80 01 00 13 d7 af 00 |.......d|........|
|00004930| 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 ff 00 00 00 02 |........|........|
|00004940| 76 65 6e 20 50 61 67 65 | 73 00 00 00 00 00 32 00 |ven Page|s.....2.|
|00004950| 61 00 46 00 cd 05 0d 42 | 61 63 6b 20 74 6f 20 46 |a.F....B|ack to F|
|00004960| 72 6f 6e 74 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 32 00 fc 00 46 01 |ront....|..2...F.|
|00004970| 3e 05 07 43 6f 6c 6c 61 | 74 65 65 00 00 00 00 00 |>..Colla|tee.....|
|00004980| 79 00 f7 00 89 01 20 88 | 06 50 6c 61 74 65 3a 00 |y..... .|.Plate:.|
|00004990| 00 00 00 00 78 01 21 00 | 8a 01 99 00 00 00 00 00 |....x.!.|........|
|000049a0| 00 00 76 00 f3 00 8c 01 | 9b 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..v.....|........|
|000049b0| 8e 00 61 00 a2 00 fd 05 | 15 50 72 69 6e 74 20 43 |..a.....|.Print C|
|000049c0| 6f 6c 6f 72 73 20 61 73 | 20 47 72 61 79 73 00 00 |olors as| Grays..|
|000049d0| 00 01 96 00 13 00 00 00 | 00 00 06 00 77 00 16 00 |........|....w...|
|000049e0| a5 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 04 01 59 00 18 01 93 06 |........|..Y.....|
|000049f0| 05 50 61 70 65 72 60 00 | 00 00 00 00 04 01 00 00 |.Paper`.|........|
|00004a00| 52 49 53 43 20 55 73 65 | 72 20 41 70 72 69 6c 20 |RISC Use|r April |
|00004a10| 31 39 39 30 09 33 31 09 | 03 10 01 5b 00 00 00 12 |1990.31.|...[....|
|00004a20| 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a 00 00 | 00 00 02 d0 02 40 00 00 |........|.....@..|
|00004a30| 00 12 00 00 f5 d0 00 0a | 00 40 ff 1b 03 10 01 5b |........|.@.....[|
|00004a40| 00 00 00 12 00 00 f5 d0 | 00 0a 00 00 00 00 02 d0 |........|........|
|00004a50| 02 40 00 00 00 12 00 00 | f5 fc 00 0a 00 40 ff 1b |.@......|.....@..|
|00004a60| 03 10 01 5b 00 00 00 12 | 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a 00 00 |...[....|........|
|00004a70| 00 00 02 d0 02 40 00 00 | 00 12 00 00 f5 d0 00 0a |.....@..|........|
|00004a80| 00 40 ff 1b 03 10 01 5b | 00 00 00 12 00 00 f5 d0 |.@.....[|........|
|00004a90| 00 0a 00 00 00 00 02 d0 | 02 40 00 00 00 12 00 00 |........|.@......|
|00004aa0| f5 fc 00 0a 00 40 ff 1b | 03 10 01 5b 00 00 00 12 |.....@..|...[....|
|00004ab0| 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a 00 00 | 00 00 02 d0 02 40 00 00 |........|.....@..|
|00004ac0| 00 12 00 00 f5 d0 00 0a | 00 40 ff 1b 03 10 01 5b |........|.@.....[|
|00004ad0| 00 00 00 12 00 00 f5 d0 | 00 0a 00 00 00 00 02 d0 |........|........|
|00004ae0| 02 40 00 00 00 12 00 00 | f5 fc 00 0a 00 40 ff 1b |.@......|.....@..|
|00004af0| 03 10 01 5b 00 00 00 12 | 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a 00 00 |...[....|........|
|00004b00| 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 04 | 00 63 00 13 00 00 00 06 |........|.c......|
|00004b10| 00 05 00 00 00 13 00 00 | 00 0c 00 05 00 00 00 13 |........|........|
|00004b20| 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 5d 01 18 00 |........|....]...|
|00004b30| 6d 01 75 88 0d 50 61 70 | 65 72 20 4f 66 66 73 65 |m.u..Pap|er Offse|
|00004b40| 74 3a 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 75 01 18 00 85 01 75 88 |t:......|u.....u.|
|00004b50| 09 50 61 67 65 20 47 61 | 70 3a 73 00 00 00 00 00 |.Page Ga|p:s.....|
|00004b60| 25 01 11 00 8d 01 cb 80 | 00 00 00 00 42 00 02 00 |%.......|....B...|
|00004b70| 00 00 00 00 00 00 dd 00 | 14 01 04 06 03 4f 66 66 |........|.....Off|
|00004b80| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 | 0d 00 14 01 30 06 02 4f |........|....0..O|
|00004b90| 6e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 6c 00 14 00 cc 88 0f 43 |n.......|l......C|
|00004ba0| 6f 6c 6f 72 20 50 72 69 | 6e 74 69 6e 67 3a 00 00 |olor Pri|nting:..|
|00004bb0| 00 01 8c 00 14 00 00 00 | 00 00 8a 01 00 00 9c 01 |........|........|
|00004bc0| 50 04 04 4f 70 65 6e 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 02 bb 00 |P..Open.|........|
|00004bd0| 50 02 cd 04 06 48 69 64 | 64 65 6e 00 00 00 00 00 |P....Hid|den.....|
|00004be0| a3 01 00 00 b5 01 50 04 | 06 43 61 6e 63 65 6c 00 |......P.|.Cancel.|
|00004bf0| 00 00 00 00 27 00 e8 00 | 3b 01 5b 80 00 00 00 00 |....'...|;.[.....|
|00004c00| 6f 6d 70 61 72 65 20 6f | 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e |ompare o|peration|
|00004c10| 20 61 73 20 79 6f 75 20 | 6a 75 73 74 20 63 6f 75 | as you |just cou|
|00004c20| 6e 74 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 | 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 74 68 |nt down |until th|
|00004c30| 65 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 65 | 72 20 68 69 74 73 20 7a |e counte|r hits z|
|00004c40| 65 72 6f 2e 20 54 68 69 | 73 20 6d 69 67 68 74 20 |ero. Thi|s might |
|00004c50| 6f 6e 6c 79 20 73 61 76 | 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 63 79 |only sav|e one cy|
|00004c60| 63 6c 65 20 70 65 72 20 | 6c 6f 6f 70 2c 20 62 75 |cle per |loop, bu|
|00004c70| 74 20 69 74 20 73 6f 6f | 6e 20 61 64 64 73 20 75 |t it soo|n adds u|
|00004c80| 70 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 6c 6f 6f 70 20 69 73 |p if the| loop is|
|00004c90| 20 65 78 65 63 75 74 65 | 64 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 74 | execute|d many t|
|00004ca0| 69 6d 65 73 2e 0d 0d 09 | 49 6e 20 73 68 6f 72 74 |imes....|In short|
|00004cb0| 20 6c 6f 6f 70 73 20 77 | 68 65 72 65 20 61 64 64 | loops w|here add|
|00004cc0| 73 20 75 70 20 69 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 6f 70 |s up if |the loop|
|00004cd0| 20 69 73 20 65 78 65 63 | 75 74 65 64 20 6d 61 6e | is exec|uted man|
|00004ce0| 79 20 74 69 6d 65 73 2e | 0d 0d 09 49 6e 20 73 68 |y times.|...In sh|
|00004cf0| 6f 72 74 20 6c 6f 6f 70 | 73 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 |ort loop|s where |
|00004d00| 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 04 | 00 4f 00 02 00 00 00 06 |........|.O......|
|00004d10| 00 04 00 00 00 02 00 00 | 00 06 00 03 00 00 00 02 |........|........|
|00004d20| 00 00 00 00 69 64 74 68 | 3a 00 00 00 00 00 cb 01 |....idth|:.......|
|00004d30| 5c 00 db 01 8d 08 07 48 | 65 69 67 68 74 3a 00 00 |\......H|eight:..|
|00004d40| 00 00 ee 00 0d 00 00 00 | 00 00 8a 01 00 00 9c 01 |........|........|
|00004d50| 50 04 04 4f 70 65 6e 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 02 3b 00 |P..Open.|......;.|
|00004d60| 50 02 4d 04 06 48 69 64 | 64 65 6e 00 00 00 00 00 |P.M..Hid|den.....|
|00004d70| a3 01 00 00 b5 01 50 04 | 06 43 61 6e 63 65 6c 00 |......P.|.Cancel.|
|00004d80| 00 00 00 00 27 00 e8 00 | 3b 01 5b 80 00 00 00 00 |....'...|;.[.....|
|00004d90| 00 00 44 01 00 00 56 01 | 50 04 05 45 6a 65 63 74 |..D...V.|P..Eject|
|00004da0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 5d 01 | 00 00 6f 01 50 04 05 44 |......].|..o.P..D|
|00004db0| 72 69 76 65 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 27 00 0c 00 b9 00 |rive....|..'.....|
|00004dc0| e6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 27 00 e5 00 b9 00 f6 00 |........|'.......|
|00004dd0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 7c 00 | fc 00 7d 01 54 80 00 00 |......|.|..}.T...|
|00004de0| 00 00 00 00 00 02 14 00 | 65 02 74 88 00 00 00 00 |........|e.t.....|
|00004df0| 00 00 bd 00 0c 00 d1 00 | 35 08 05 54 79 70 00 00 |........|5..Typ..|
|00004e00| 52 55 00 0a 00 00 00 00 | 02 d0 02 40 00 00 00 12 |RU......|...@....|
|00004e10| 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a 00 40 | ff 1b 03 10 01 5b 00 00 |.......@|.....[..|
|00004e20| 00 12 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a | 00 00 00 00 02 d0 02 40 |........|.......@|
|00004e30| 00 00 00 12 00 00 f5 d0 | 00 0a 00 40 ff 1b 03 10 |........|...@....|
|00004e40| 01 5b 00 00 00 12 00 00 | f5 d0 00 0a 00 00 00 00 |.[......|........|
|00004e50| 02 d0 02 40 00 00 00 12 | 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a 00 40 |...@....|.......@|
|00004e60| ff 1b 03 10 01 5b 00 00 | 00 12 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a |.....[..|........|
|00004e70| 00 00 00 00 02 d0 02 40 | 00 00 00 12 00 00 f5 d0 |.......@|........|
|00004e80| 00 0a 00 40 ff 1b 03 10 | 01 5b 00 00 00 12 00 00 |...@....|.[......|
|00004e90| f5 d0 00 0a 00 00 00 00 | 02 d0 02 40 00 00 00 12 |........|...@....|
|00004ea0| 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a 00 40 | ff 1b 03 10 01 5b 00 00 |.......@|.....[..|
|00004eb0| 00 12 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a | 00 00 00 00 02 d0 02 40 |........|.......@|
|00004ec0| 00 00 00 12 00 00 f5 d0 | 00 0a 00 40 ff 1b 03 10 |........|...@....|
|00004ed0| 01 5b 00 00 00 12 00 00 | f5 d0 00 0a 00 00 00 00 |.[......|........|
|00004ee0| 02 d0 02 40 00 00 00 12 | 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a 00 40 |...@....|.......@|
|00004ef0| ff 1b 03 10 01 5b 00 00 | 00 12 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a |.....[..|........|
|00004f00| 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 6f 70 | 69 6e 67 20 62 72 61 6e |the loop|ing bran|
|00004f10| 63 68 20 74 61 6b 65 73 | 20 75 70 20 61 20 73 69 |ch takes| up a si|
|00004f20| 7a 65 61 62 6c 65 20 70 | 6f 72 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |zeable p|ortion o|
|00004f30| 66 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 | 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 |f the ex|ecution |
|00004f40| 74 69 6d 65 2c 20 75 6e | 72 6f 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 |time, un|roll the|
|00004f50| 20 6c 6f 6f 70 20 62 79 | 20 72 65 70 65 61 74 69 | loop by| repeati|
|00004f60| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6c | 6f 6f 70 27 73 20 63 6f |ng the l|oop's co|
|00004f70| 6e 74 65 6e 74 73 20 73 | 65 76 65 72 61 6c 20 74 |ntents s|everal t|
|00004f80| 69 6d 65 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 72 65 64 75 63 69 6e |imes and| reducin|
|00004f90| 67 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f | 6f 70 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 |g the lo|op count|
|00004fa0| 20 61 63 63 6f 72 64 69 | 6e 67 6c 79 2e 20 28 53 | accordi|ngly. (S|
|00004fb0| 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 65 | 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 6c |ee the e|xample l|
|00004fc0| 61 74 65 72 2e 29 0d 20 | 6c 20 09 41 76 6f 69 64 |ater.). |l .Avoid|
|00004fd0| 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 6c 6f 6f 6e | using t|he floon|
|00004fe0| 67 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f | 0d 0d 09 6c 20 41 76 6f |g the lo|...l Avo|
|00004ff0| 69 64 20 75 73 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 66 6c 6f |id using| the flo|
|00005000| 61 6e 64 20 74 72 65 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 6d 20 61 |and trea|t them a|
|00005010| 73 20 69 6e 74 65 67 65 | 72 73 2e 0d 0d 20 6c 20 |s intege|rs... l |
|00005020| 09 49 6e 20 65 78 74 72 | 65 6d 65 20 63 61 73 65 |.In extr|eme case|
|00005030| 73 20 64 69 73 61 62 6c | 65 20 69 6e 74 65 72 72 |s disabl|e interr|
|00005040| 75 70 74 73 2e 20 54 68 | 69 73 20 63 61 6e 20 62 |upts. Th|is can b|
|00005050| 65 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 75 | 73 69 6e 67 20 65 69 74 |e done u|sing eit|
|00005060| 68 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 | 53 57 49 20 22 4f 53 5f |her the |SWI "OS_|
|00005070| 49 6e 74 4f 6e 22 20 61 | 6e 64 20 22 4f 53 5f 49 |IntOn" a|nd "OS_I|
|00005080| 6e 74 4f 66 66 22 20 63 | 61 6c 6c 73 2c 20 6f 72 |ntOff" c|alls, or|
|00005090| 20 62 79 20 64 69 72 65 | 63 74 6c 79 20 63 68 61 | by dire|ctly cha|
|000050a0| 6e 67 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 66 6c 61 67 73 20 |nging th|e flags |
|000050b0| 28 73 65 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 72 65 76 69 6f 75 |(see the| previou|
|000050c0| 73 20 74 77 6f 20 41 73 | 73 65 6d 62 65 72 20 57 |s two As|sember W|
|000050d0| 6f 72 6b 73 68 6f 70 73 | 29 2e 20 52 65 6d 65 6d |orkshops|). Remem|
|000050e0| 62 65 72 20 74 68 6f 75 | 67 68 20 74 68 61 74 20 |ber thou|gh that |
|000050f0| 74 68 69 73 20 77 69 6c | 6c 20 68 61 6c 74 20 62 |this wil|l halt b|
|00005100| 49 40 00 00 00 12 00 00 | f5 cc 00 0a 00 9d ff 1b |I@......|........|
|00005110| 03 6d 01 5b 00 00 00 12 | 00 00 f5 cc 00 0a 00 00 |.m.[....|........|
|00005120| 00 00 02 d0 02 40 00 00 | 00 12 00 00 f5 6c 00 0a |.....@..|.....l..|
|00005130| 00 9d ff 1b 03 6d 00 00 | 18 a0 00 12 00 00 f5 6c |.....m..|.......l|
|00005140| 00 0a 00 00 00 00 02 d0 | 02 40 00 00 00 12 00 00 |........|.@......|
|00005150| f5 cc 00 0a 00 9d ff 1b | 03 6d 01 5b 00 00 00 12 |........|.m.[....|
|00005160| 00 00 f5 cc 00 0a 00 00 | 00 00 02 d0 02 40 00 00 |........|.....@..|
|00005170| 00 12 00 00 f5 6c 00 0a | 00 9d ff 1b 03 6d 01 5b |.....l..|.....m.[|
|00005180| 00 00 00 12 00 00 f5 6c | 00 0a 00 00 00 00 02 d0 |.......l|........|
|00005190| 02 40 00 00 00 12 00 00 | f5 cc 00 0a 00 9d ff 1b |.@......|........|
|000051a0| 03 6d 01 5b 00 00 18 32 | 00 00 f5 cc 00 0a 00 00 |.m.[...2|........|
|000051b0| 00 00 02 d0 02 40 00 00 | 00 12 00 00 f5 6c 00 0a |.....@..|.....l..|
|000051c0| 00 9d ff 1b 03 6d 01 5b | 00 00 00 12 00 00 f5 6c |.....m.[|.......l|
|000051d0| 00 0a 00 00 00 00 02 d0 | 02 40 00 00 00 12 00 00 |........|.@......|
|000051e0| f5 cc 00 0a 00 9d ff 1b | 03 6d 01 5b 00 00 00 12 |........|.m.[....|
|000051f0| 00 00 f5 cc 00 0a 00 00 | 00 00 02 d0 02 40 00 00 |........|.....@..|
|00005200| 6c 65 72 20 57 6f 72 6b | 73 68 6f 70 73 29 2e 20 |ler Work|shops). |
|00005210| 52 65 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 | 2c 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 |Remember|, though|
|00005220| 2c 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 77 69 6c 6c |, that t|his will|
|00005230| 20 68 61 6c 74 20 62 61 | 63 6b 67 72 6f 75 6e 64 | halt ba|ckground|
|00005240| 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 73 75 63 68 20 | functio|ns such |
|00005250| 61 73 20 6b 65 79 62 6f | 61 72 64 20 68 61 6e 64 |as keybo|ard hand|
|00005260| 6c 69 6e 67 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 68 65 6e 63 65 20 |ling, an|d hence |
|00005270| 69 6e 74 65 72 72 75 70 | 74 73 20 73 68 6f 75 6c |interrup|ts shoul|
|00005280| 64 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 62 | 65 20 74 75 72 6e 65 64 |d only b|e turned|
|00005290| 20 6f 66 66 20 66 6f 72 | 20 61 20 66 65 77 20 6d | off for| a few m|
|000052a0| 69 6c 6c 69 73 65 63 6f | 6e 64 73 20 61 74 20 61 |illiseco|nds at a|
|000052b0| 20 74 69 6d 65 2e 0d 0d | 54 48 45 20 38 30 2d 32 | time...|THE 80-2|
|000052c0| 30 20 52 55 4c 45 0d 09 | 54 68 65 72 79 20 62 65 |0 RULE..|Thery be|
|000052d0| 20 74 75 72 6e 65 64 20 | 6f 66 66 20 66 6f 72 20 | turned |off for |
|000052e0| 61 20 66 65 77 20 6d 69 | 0d 0d 0d 0d 54 48 45 20 |a few mi|....THE |
|000052f0| 38 30 2d 32 30 20 52 55 | 4c 45 0d 09 54 68 65 72 |80-20 RU|LE..Ther|
|00005300| 61 74 69 6e 67 20 70 6f | 69 6e 74 20 69 6e 73 74 |ating po|int inst|
|00005310| 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 61 74 20 61 6c 6c 20 |ructions| at all |
|00005320| 63 6f 73 74 73 2e 20 49 | 6e 20 61 6c 6d 6f 73 74 |costs. I|n almost|
|00005330| 20 61 6c 6c 20 63 61 73 | 65 73 20 77 68 65 72 65 | all cas|es where|
|00005340| 20 66 72 61 63 74 69 6f | 6e 61 6c 20 64 65 63 69 | fractio|nal deci|
|00005350| 6d 61 6c 20 6e 75 6d 62 | 65 72 20 61 72 65 20 6e |mal numb|er are n|
|00005360| 65 65 64 65 64 2c 20 74 | 68 65 79 20 63 61 6e 20 |eeded, t|hey can |
|00005370| 62 65 20 77 6f 72 6b 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 61 20 66 |be worke|d to a f|
|00005380| 69 78 65 64 20 70 72 65 | 63 69 73 69 6f 6e 20 61 |ixed pre|cision a|
|00005390| 6e 64 20 73 63 61 6c 65 | 64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 69 |nd scale|d into i|
|000053a0| 6e 74 65 67 65 72 73 2e | 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 |ntegers.| For exa|
|000053b0| 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 69 66 | 20 79 6f 75 20 6f 6e 6c |mple, if| you onl|
|000053c0| 79 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 | 65 20 70 72 65 63 69 73 |y requir|e precis|
|000053d0| 69 6f 6e 20 75 70 20 74 | 6f 20 30 2e 30 31 2c 20 |ion up t|o 0.01, |
|000053e0| 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 6c 79 | 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 |multiply| all the|
|000053f0| 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 73 | 20 62 79 20 31 30 30 20 | numbers| by 100 |
|00005400| 65 20 69 73 20 61 20 72 | 75 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |e is a r|ule of t|
|00005410| 68 75 6d 62 20 69 6e 20 | 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 69 6e |humb in |computin|
|00005420| 67 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 | 61 6e 20 73 61 76 65 20 |g that c|an save |
|00005430| 61 20 6c 6f 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 69 6d 65 20 61 6e |a lot of| time an|
|00005440| 64 20 65 66 66 6f 72 74 | 20 77 68 65 6e 20 74 72 |d effort| when tr|
|00005450| 79 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 | 69 6d 70 72 6f 76 65 20 |ying to |improve |
|00005460| 74 68 65 20 70 65 72 66 | 6f 72 6d 61 6e 63 65 20 |the perf|ormance |
|00005470| 6f 66 20 61 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 2e 20 54 68 |of a pro|gram. Th|
|00005480| 65 20 72 75 6c 65 2c 20 | 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 74 |e rule, |called t|
|00005490| 68 65 20 38 30 2d 32 30 | 20 72 75 6c 65 2c 20 73 |he 80-20| rule, s|
|000054a0| 74 61 74 65 73 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 38 30 25 20 6f |tates th|at 80% o|
|000054b0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 | 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 |f the ex|ecution |
|000054c0| 74 69 6d 65 20 69 73 20 | 74 61 6b 65 6e 20 75 70 |time is |taken up|
|000054d0| 20 62 79 20 6a 75 73 74 | 20 32 30 25 20 6f 66 20 | by just| 20% of |
|000054e0| 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 | 72 61 6d 2e 20 46 6f 72 |the prog|ram. For|
|000054f0| 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 | 2c 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 69 | example|, consii|
|00005500| 73 20 70 65 72 20 69 74 | 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e |s per it|eration.|
|00005510| 20 54 68 69 73 20 67 69 | 76 65 73 3a 0d 09 09 09 | This gi|ves:....|
|00005520| 4d 4f 56 20 52 30 2c 23 | 30 0d 09 09 09 4d 4f 56 |MOV R0,#|0....MOV|
|00005530| 20 52 31 2c 23 31 0d 09 | 09 09 4d 4f 56 20 52 33 | R1,#1..|..MOV R3|
|00005540| 2c 23 31 30 0d 09 2e 6c | 6f 6f 70 09 41 44 44 20 |,#10...l|oop.ADD |
|00005550| 52 30 2c 52 30 2c 52 31 | 0d 09 09 09 41 44 44 20 |R0,R0,R1|....ADD |
|00005560| 52 31 2c 52 30 2c 52 31 | 0d 09 09 09 53 55 42 53 |R1,R0,R1|....SUBS|
|00005570| 09 52 33 2c 52 33 2c 23 | 31 0d 09 09 09 42 4e 45 |.R3,R3,#|1....BNE|
|00005580| 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | .......|........|
|00005590| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000055a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000055b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000055c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 01 68 aa 55 aa 55 |........|...h.U.U|
|000055d0| 00 00 00 3c 00 00 fa 04 | f9 90 00 20 84 00 00 00 |...<....|... ....|
|000055e0| 00 00 01 e0 02 80 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 48 |........|.......H|
|000055f0| 00 1b 00 03 0b f0 00 00 | 00 30 00 00 f7 bc 00 4f |........|.0.....O|
|00005600| 6c 79 2c 20 74 69 6d 65 | 20 73 70 65 6e 74 20 69 |ly, time| spent i|
|00005610| 6d 70 72 6f 76 69 6e 67 | 20 74 68 65 20 62 69 74 |mproving| the bit|
|00005620| 20 6f 66 20 63 6f 64 65 | 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 74 | of code| which t|
|00005630| 61 6b 65 73 20 75 70 20 | 6d 6f 73 74 20 74 69 6d |akes up |most tim|
|00005640| 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 | 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 70 |e will b|e more p|
|00005650| 72 6f 66 69 74 61 62 6c | 79 20 73 70 65 6e 74 20 |rofitabl|y spent |
|00005660| 74 68 61 6e 20 74 72 79 | 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 63 |than try|ing to c|
|00005670| 6f 6e 63 65 6e 74 72 61 | 74 65 20 6f 6e 20 61 6c |oncentra|te on al|
|00005680| 6c 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f | 64 65 2e 20 0d 0d 41 4e |l the co|de. ..AN|
|00005690| 10 45 58 41 4d 50 4c 45 | 0d 09 49 6e 20 6f 72 64 |.EXAMPLE|..In ord|
|000056a0| 65 72 20 74 6f 20 69 6c | 6c 75 73 74 72 61 74 65 |er to il|lustrate|
|000056b0| 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 63 | 68 6e 69 71 75 65 73 20 | the tec|hniques |
|000056c0| 6f 75 74 6c 69 6e 65 64 | 20 61 62 6f 76 65 2c 20 |outlined| above, |
|000056d0| 77 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 72 |we will |consider|
|000056e0| 20 61 20 73 69 6d 70 6c | 65 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e | a simpl|e routin|
|000056f0| 65 20 74 6f 20 63 61 6c | 63 75 6c 61 74 65 20 74 |e to cal|culate t|
|00005700| 66 69 6e 61 6c 20 70 61 | 73 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |final pa|ss of th|
|00005710| 65 20 6c 6f 6f 70 20 69 | 6e 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |e loop i|n which |
|00005720| 74 68 65 20 62 72 61 6e | 63 68 20 69 73 20 6e 6f |the bran|ch is no|
|00005730| 74 20 74 61 6b 65 6e 2e | 0d 0d 09 54 68 65 20 66 |t taken.|...The f|
|00005740| 69 72 73 74 20 69 6d 70 | 72 6f 76 65 6d 65 6e 74 |irst imp|rovement|
|00005750| 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 72 | 65 76 65 72 73 65 20 74 | is to r|everse t|
|00005760| 68 65 20 6c 6f 6f 70 2c | 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 69 6e |he loop,| countin|
|00005770| 67 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 74 77 65 6e |g down f|rom twen|
|00005780| 74 79 2c 20 72 61 74 68 | 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 |ty, rath|er than |
|00005790| 75 70 20 74 6f 20 69 74 | 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 73 |up to it|. This s|
|000057a0| 61 76 65 73 20 6f 6e 65 | 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 72 65 |aves one| compare|
|000057b0| 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 65 61 | 63 68 20 69 74 65 72 61 | from ea|ch itera|
|000057c0| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 6f 70 |tion of |the loop|
|000057d0| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 68 65 | 6e 63 65 20 72 65 64 75 |, and he|nce redu|
|000057e0| 63 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 74 6f 74 61 6c 20 6e 75 |ces the |total nu|
|000057f0| 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 | 63 79 63 6c 65 73 20 62 |mber of |cycles b|
|00005800| 79 20 74 77 65 6e 74 79 | 2c 20 62 72 69 6e 67 69 |y twenty|, bringi|
|00005810| 6e 67 20 69 74 20 64 6f | 77 6e 20 74 6f 20 31 36 |ng it do|wn to 16|
|00005820| 30 2e 0d 0d 09 4e 65 78 | 74 20 77 65 20 63 61 6e |0....Nex|t we can|
|00005830| 20 72 65 70 6c 61 63 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 74 77 6f | replace| the two|
|00005840| 20 4d 4f 56 20 69 6e 73 | 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e | MOV ins|truction|
|00005850| 73 20 77 69 74 68 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 6f |s within| the loo|
|00005860| 70 20 62 79 20 61 6e 20 | 41 44 44 2c 20 61 6e 64 |p by an |ADD, and|
|00005870| 20 63 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 | 74 65 20 74 77 6f 20 74 | calcula|te two t|
|00005880| 65 72 6d 6d 65 72 20 69 | 74 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e |ermmer i|teration|
|00005890| 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 67 | 69 76 65 73 3a 0d 09 09 |. This g|ives:...|
|000058a0| 09 4d 4f 56 20 52 30 2c | 23 30 0d 09 09 09 4d 4f |.MOV R0,|#0....MO|
|000058b0| 56 20 52 31 2c 23 31 0d | 09 09 09 4d 4f 56 20 52 |V R1,#1.|...MOV R|
|000058c0| 33 2c 23 31 30 0d 09 2e | 6c 6f 6f 70 09 41 44 44 |3,#10...|loop.ADD|
|000058d0| 20 52 30 2c 52 30 2c 52 | 31 0d 09 09 09 41 44 44 | R0,R0,R|1....ADD|
|000058e0| 20 52 31 2c 52 30 2c 52 | 31 0d 09 09 09 53 55 42 | R1,R0,R|1....SUB|
|000058f0| 53 09 52 33 2c 52 33 2c | 23 31 0d 09 09 09 42 4e |S.R3,R3,|#1....BN|
|00005900| 6c 6f 6f 70 0d 0d 4e 6f | 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 |loop..No|te that |
|00005910| 77 65 20 6e 6f 77 20 6f | 6e 6c 79 20 6e 65 65 64 |we now o|nly need|
|00005920| 20 74 65 6e 20 69 74 65 | 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | ten ite|rations |
|00005930| 74 6f 20 67 65 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 64 65 73 69 72 |to get t|he desir|
|00005940| 65 64 20 72 65 73 75 6c | 74 2e 20 54 68 65 20 77 |ed resul|t. The w|
|00005950| 68 6f 6c 65 20 72 6f 75 | 74 69 6e 65 20 6e 6f 77 |hole rou|tine now|
|00005960| 20 74 61 6b 65 73 20 6a | 75 73 74 20 33 2b 37 2a | takes j|ust 3+7*|
|00005970| 39 2b 34 20 3d 20 37 30 | 20 63 79 63 6c 65 73 2c |9+4 = 70| cycles,|
|00005980| 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6c 73 | 6f 20 75 73 65 73 20 6f | and als|o uses o|
|00005990| 6e 65 20 6c 65 73 73 20 | 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 |ne less |register|
|000059a0| 2e 0d 0d 09 46 69 6e 61 | 6c 6c 79 2c 20 74 68 65 |....Fina|lly, the|
|000059b0| 20 42 4e 45 20 6e 6f 77 | 20 74 61 6b 65 73 20 34 | BNE now| takes 4|
|000059c0| 2f 37 74 68 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 6f 70 |/7th of |the loop|
|000059d0| 20 65 78 65 63 75 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 74 69 6d 65 2e | executi|on time.|
|000059e0| 20 42 79 20 64 75 70 6c | 69 63 61 74 69 6e 67 20 | By dupl|icating |
|000059f0| 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 6f 70 | 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 |the loop| content|
|00005a00| 00 03 00 0c 00 00 00 14 | 00 13 00 00 01 fa 00 21 |........|.......!|
|00005a10| 00 00 00 01 00 22 00 00 | 00 02 00 21 00 00 00 01 |....."..|...!....|
|00005a20| 00 22 00 00 00 01 00 13 | 00 00 00 05 00 21 00 00 |."......|.....!..|
|00005a30| 00 01 00 13 00 00 00 a9 | 00 06 00 00 00 05 00 08 |........|........|
|00005a40| 00 00 00 01 00 06 00 00 | 00 02 00 08 00 00 00 01 |........|........|
|00005a50| 00 06 00 00 00 05 00 08 | 00 00 00 01 00 06 00 00 |........|........|
|00005a60| 01 5e 00 19 00 00 00 01 | 00 06 00 00 00 6c 00 08 |.^......|.....l..|
|00005a70| 00 00 00 01 00 06 00 00 | 00 05 00 08 00 00 00 01 |........|........|
|00005a80| 00 06 00 00 00 3e 00 08 | 00 00 00 01 00 06 00 00 |.....>..|........|
|00005a90| 00 a4 00 13 00 00 01 17 | 00 15 00 00 00 01 00 06 |........|........|
|00005aa0| 00 00 00 d9 00 1b 00 00 | 00 01 00 09 00 00 00 19 |........|........|
|00005ab0| 00 0a 00 00 00 01 00 06 | 00 00 02 84 00 15 00 00 |........|........|
|00005ac0| 00 01 00 06 00 00 00 8f | 00 18 00 00 00 01 00 14 |........|........|
|00005ad0| 00 00 00 01 00 1f 00 00 | 00 01 00 06 00 00 00 b1 |........|........|
|00005ae0| 00 18 00 00 00 01 00 14 | 00 00 00 01 00 1f 00 00 |........|........|
|00005af0| 00 01 00 06 00 00 01 b0 | 00 0b 00 00 00 59 00 06 |........|.....Y..|
|00005b00| 00 00 00 9c 00 0b 00 00 | 00 42 00 17 00 00 00 f4 |........|.B......|
|00005b10| 00 15 00 00 00 01 00 14 | 00 00 00 01 00 1f 00 00 |........|........|
|00005b20| 00 01 00 06 00 00 00 4f | 00 1a 00 00 00 82 00 18 |.......O|........|
|00005b30| 00 00 00 01 00 14 00 00 | 00 01 00 1f 00 00 00 01 |........|........|
|00005b40| 00 06 00 00 00 e9 00 0b | 00 00 00 17 00 1c 00 00 |........|........|
|00005b50| 00 01 00 06 00 00 00 79 | 00 1c 00 00 00 01 00 14 |.......y|........|
|00005b60| 00 00 00 01 00 1f 00 00 | 00 01 00 06 00 00 00 e8 |........|........|
|00005b70| 00 1c 00 00 00 01 00 06 | 00 00 00 5c 00 08 00 00 |........|...\....|
|00005b80| 00 06 00 06 00 00 00 7b | 00 14 00 00 00 01 00 1f |.......{|........|
|00005b90| 00 00 00 01 00 06 00 00 | 01 31 00 1b 00 00 00 01 |........|.1......|
|00005ba0| 00 14 00 00 00 01 00 1f | 00 00 00 01 00 06 00 00 |........|........|
|00005bb0| 00 a7 00 08 00 00 00 13 | 00 06 00 00 00 aa 00 0f |........|........|
|00005bc0| 00 00 00 01 00 0c 00 00 | 00 0f 00 1d 00 00 02 91 |........|........|
|00005bd0| 00 0e 00 00 00 01 00 0c | 00 00 00 0b 00 06 00 00 |........|........|
|00005be0| 00 a5 00 20 00 00 00 27 | 00 06 00 00 00 30 00 0b |... ...'|.....0..|
|00005bf0| 00 00 00 7f 00 1e 00 00 | 01 20 00 18 00 00 00 01 |........|. ......|
|00005c00| 00 06 00 00 00 e9 00 18 | 00 00 00 01 00 06 00 00 |........|........|
|00005c10| 00 7c 00 0b 00 00 00 69 | 00 18 00 00 00 01 00 06 |.|.....i|........|
|00005c20| 00 00 00 9c 00 1b 00 00 | 00 01 00 06 00 00 00 6f |........|.......o|
|00005c30| 00 0b 00 00 00 88 00 06 | 00 00 00 af 00 00 02 40 |........|.......@|
|00005c40| 00 04 00 00 00 b1 00 04 | 00 00 00 01 00 08 00 00 |........|........|
|00005c50| 00 12 00 04 00 00 00 bc | 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 04 |........|........|
|00005c60| 00 00 02 2a 00 04 00 00 | 00 01 00 04 00 00 01 8b |...*....|........|
|00005c70| 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 08 | 00 00 00 14 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00005c80| 02 ae 00 04 00 00 02 c4 | 00 04 00 00 01 17 00 04 |........|........|
|00005c90| 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 00 | 00 d9 00 04 00 00 00 01 |........|........|
|00005ca0| 00 08 00 00 00 1a 00 04 | 00 00 02 84 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00005cb0| 00 01 00 04 00 00 00 8f | 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 04 |........|........|
|00005cc0| 00 00 00 b3 00 04 00 00 | 00 01 00 04 00 00 01 b2 |........|........|
|00005cd0| 00 04 00 00 00 12 00 04 | 00 00 00 0c 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00005ce0| 00 12 00 04 00 00 00 0c | 00 04 00 00 00 12 00 04 |........|........|
|00005cf0| 00 00 00 0b 00 04 00 00 | 00 9c 00 04 00 00 00 5e |........|.......^|
|00005d00| 00 15 00 04 00 00 00 18 | 00 04 00 00 00 15 00 04 |........|........|
|00005d10| 00 00 00 f4 00 04 00 00 | 00 01 00 04 00 00 00 d3 |........|........|
|00005d20| 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 04 | 00 00 00 eb 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00005d30| 00 17 00 04 00 00 00 01 | 00 04 00 00 00 79 00 04 |........|.....y..|
|00005d40| 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 00 | 00 ea 00 04 00 00 00 01 |........|........|
|00005d50| 00 04 00 00 00 dd 00 04 | 00 00 01 33 00 04 00 00 |........|...3....|
|00005d60| 00 01 00 04 00 00 01 66 | 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 08 |.......f|........|
|00005d70| 00 00 00 0f 00 04 00 00 | 02 91 00 04 00 00 00 01 |........|........|
|00005d80| 00 08 00 00 00 0b 00 04 | 00 00 00 fc 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00005d90| 00 0d 00 04 00 00 00 0d | 00 04 00 00 00 0d 00 04 |........|........|
|00005da0| 00 00 00 14 00 04 00 00 | 00 0d 00 04 00 00 00 0d |........|........|
|00005db0| 00 04 00 00 00 10 00 04 | 00 00 00 0e 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00005dc0| 00 0c 00 04 00 00 01 20 | 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 04 |....... |........|
|00005dd0| 00 00 00 e9 00 04 00 00 | 00 01 00 04 00 00 00 7c |........|.......||
|00005de0| 00 04 00 00 00 0d 00 04 | 00 00 00 0d 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00005df0| 00 0e 00 04 00 00 00 14 | 00 04 00 00 00 10 00 60 |........|.......`|
|00005e00| 00 00 00 1c 00 00 00 04 | 00 61 00 1c 00 00 00 06 |........|.a......|
|00005e10| 00 12 00 00 00 1c 00 00 | 00 06 00 0a 00 00 00 1c |........|........|
|00005e20| 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 | 00 11 00 04 00 00 00 0c |........|........|
|00005e30| 00 04 00 00 00 a9 00 04 | 00 00 00 02 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00005e40| 00 01 00 04 00 00 00 01 | 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 04 |........|........|
|00005e50| 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 61 |........|......0a|
|00005e60| 00 00 00 00 00 08 79 30 | 00 0d cc cb 00 00 00 00 |......y0|........|
|00005e70| 00 0b 79 30 00 00 00 01 | 00 18 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..y0....|........|
|00005e80| 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 61 | 00 04 30 61 00 0d cc cb |......0a|..0a....|
|00005e90| 00 16 45 fb 00 1b 99 96 | 00 0c 45 fb 00 19 45 fb |..E.....|..E...E.|
|00005ea0| 00 00 00 02 00 18 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00005eb0| 00 00 30 61 00 04 30 61 | 00 1b 99 96 00 24 12 c6 |..0a..0a|.....$..|
|00005ec0| 00 29 66 61 00 1a 12 c6 | 00 27 12 c6 00 00 00 03 |.)fa....|.'......|
|00005ed0| 00 18 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 61 |........|......0a|
|00005ee0| 00 04 30 61 00 29 66 61 | 00 31 df 91 00 37 33 2c |..0a.)fa|.1...73,|
|00005ef0| 00 27 df 91 00 34 df 91 | 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 |.'...4..|........|
|00005f00| 00 04 00 00 00 11 00 04 | 00 00 00 0c 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00005f10| 00 01 00 04 00 00 00 9c | 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 04 |........|........|
|00005f20| 00 00 00 6f 00 04 00 00 | 00 0d 00 04 00 00 00 0d |...o....|........|
|00005f30| 00 04 00 00 00 0d 00 04 | 00 00 00 14 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00005f40| 00 10 00 04 00 00 00 10 | 00 04 00 00 00 10 00 04 |........|........|
|00005f50| 00 00 00 11 00 04 00 00 | 00 0c 00 04 00 00 00 a9 |........|........|
|00005f60| 00 04 00 00 00 02 00 04 | 00 00 00 01 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00005f70| 00 01 00 04 00 00 00 01 | 00 04 00 00 00 01 00 04 |........|........|
|00005f80| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 98 30 00 01 80 00 00 00 |........|.0......|
|00005f90| 00 00 00 00 01 01 00 00 | 80 00 00 44 00 22 00 47 |........|...D.".G|
|00005fa0| 02 36 08 10 84 08 08 10 | 98 30 00 34 7e d0 00 39 |.6......|.0.4~..9|
|00005fb0| 68 98 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 64 04 00 45 00 23 |h.......|..d..E.#|
|00005fc0| 00 45 02 35 88 10 84 08 | 88 10 98 30 00 01 80 00 |.E.5....|...0....|
|00005fd0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 | 00 0d 80 00 00 2d 00 28 |........|.....-.(|
|00005fe0| 00 43 02 2e da b5 2f 5f | b2 64 17 2f 00 00 00 c0 |.C..../_|.d./....|
|00005ff0| 00 39 68 f0 00 00 00 00 | 00 35 3f 84 00 01 00 00 |.9h.....|.5?.....|
|00006000| 54 61 62 6c 65 20 31 2e | 20 49 6e 73 74 72 75 63 |Table 1.| Instruc|
|00006010| 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 69 6d | 69 6e 67 73 00 00 00 00 |tion tim|ings....|
|00006020| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00006030| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00006040| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00006050| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00006060| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00006070| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00006080| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00006090| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000060a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000060b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000060c0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000060d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000060e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000060f0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00006100| 41 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 | 72 20 57 6f 72 6b 73 68 |Assemble|r Worksh|
|00006110| 6f 70 0d 69 61 72 79 0d | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |op.iary.|........|
|00006120| ff ff 00 02 ff ff ff ff | ff ff 00 00 ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00006130| ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00006140| ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |........|........|
|00006150| 01 02 02 04 02 06 01 08 | 01 05 01 09 01 0a 02 04 |........|........|
|00006160| 01 04 01 04 01 06 01 06 | 01 03 01 04 02 04 01 04 |........|........|
|00006170| 01 05 02 05 01 05 01 05 | 01 05 01 05 01 05 01 05 |........|........|
|00006180| 01 05 01 05 02 04 01 04 | 01 07 01 06 01 07 01 05 |........|........|
|00006190| 01 09 01 08 01 07 01 07 | 01 08 01 07 01 07 01 08 |........|........|
|000061a0| 01 09 01 04 00 05 01 08 | 01 07 01 0a 01 09 01 08 |........|........|
|000061b0| 01 07 01 08 01 08 01 06 | 01 08 01 08 01 08 01 0c |........|........|
|000061c0| 01 07 01 08 01 06 01 03 | 01 05 01 03 01 06 01 06 |........|........|
|000061d0| 01 03 01 06 00 05 01 05 | 01 06 01 05 01 04 01 06 |........|........|
|000061e0| 00 06 01 04 01 04 01 07 | 01 04 01 0a 01 07 01 05 |........|........|
|000061f0| 00 05 01 06 01 05 01 05 | 00 03 01 06 00 06 00 08 |........|........|
|00006200| 41 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 | 72 20 57 6f 72 6b 73 68 |Assemble|r Worksh|
|00006210| 6f 70 0d 69 61 72 79 0d | 03 10 01 5b 00 00 00 12 |op.iary.|...[....|
|00006220| 00 00 f5 d0 00 0a 00 00 | 00 00 02 d0 02 40 00 00 |........|.....@..|
|00006230| 00 12 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a | 00 40 ff 1b 03 10 01 5b |........|.@.....[|
|00006240| 00 00 00 12 00 00 f5 fc | 00 0a 00 00 00 00 02 d0 |........|........|
|00006250| 02 40 00 00 00 12 00 00 | f5 d0 00 0a 00 40 ff 1b |.@......|.....@..|
|00006260| 03 10 01 5b 00 00 00 12 | 00 00 f5 d0 00 0a 00 00 |...[....|........|
|00006270| 00 00 02 d0 02 40 00 00 | 00 12 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a |.....@..|........|
|00006280| 00 40 ff 1b 03 10 01 5b | 00 00 00 12 00 00 f5 fc |.@.....[|........|
|00006290| 00 0a 00 00 00 00 02 d0 | 02 40 00 00 00 12 00 00 |........|.@......|
|000062a0| f5 d0 00 0a 00 40 ff 1b | 03 10 01 5b 00 00 00 12 |.....@..|...[....|
|000062b0| 00 00 f5 d0 00 0a 00 00 | 00 00 02 d0 02 40 00 00 |........|.....@..|
|000062c0| 00 12 00 00 f5 fc 00 0a | 00 40 ff 1b 03 10 01 5b |........|.@.....[|
|000062d0| 00 00 00 12 00 00 f5 fc | 00 0a 00 00 00 00 02 d0 |........|........|
|000062e0| 02 40 00 00 00 12 00 00 | f5 d0 00 0a 00 40 ff 1b |.@......|.....@..|
|000062f0| 03 10 01 5b 00 00 00 12 | 00 00 f5 d0 00 0a 00 00 |...[....|........|
|00006300| 00 23 00 45 02 35 88 10 | 84 08 88 10 98 30 00 01 |.#.E.5..|.....0..|
|00006310| 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 03 00 00 0d 80 00 00 2d |........|.......-|
|00006320| 00 28 00 43 02 2e da b5 | 2f 5f b2 64 17 2f 00 00 |.(.C....|/_.d./..|
|00006330| 00 c0 00 39 68 e8 00 00 | 00 00 00 35 3f 40 00 01 |...9h...|...5?@..|
|00006340| 00 00 80 00 64 01 80 01 | 00 13 d7 af 00 01 00 00 |....d...|........|
|00006350| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ff 00 00 00 00 fd 00 00 |........|........|
|00006360| 00 80 00 00 4f 00 4f 03 | 13 02 2e de bd de bd b2 |....O.O.|........|
|00006370| 64 17 2e 00 00 00 c0 00 | 00 00 00 00 39 69 3c 00 |d.......|....9i<.|
|00006380| 35 3b ac 00 01 00 00 80 | 00 64 01 80 02 00 13 d7 |5;......|.d......|
|00006390| af 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 ff 40 00 |........|......@.|
|000063a0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 01 03 00 |........|........|
|000063b0| 00 1d 80 00 02 fd 02 12 | 03 0e 02 2e d4 a9 80 00 |........|........|
|000063c0| 07 0e 17 2e 00 00 00 c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|000063d0| 00 35 3f 08 00 01 00 00 | 80 00 64 01 80 01 00 13 |.5?.....|..d.....|
|000063e0| d7 af 00 01 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 00 |........|........|
|000063f0| 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 | 02 ff 00 00 04 00 00 65 |........|.......e|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.